Blood-Pressure in Women After One Year of Oral Contraception

Weir, R. J.; Briggs, Eleanor; Mack, A.; Taylor, L.; Browning, J.D.; Naismith, Lorna D; Wilson, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91087-7

Cited by 70 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… Numerous studies have shown small but significant rises in blood pressure among users of COC (Woods 1967; Russel & Sullivan 1970; Weir et al 1971; Clezy etal. 1972; Cook et al 1985; Limetal 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebra1 thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease

Lidegaard

1995

BJOG

150

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Objective To assess the risk of developing cerebral thromboembolism among pregnant women and among fertile women with hypertension, migraine, diabetes, and previous thrombotic disease, and to investigate the interaction of these risk factors with the use of oral contraceptives. Design A retrospective case‐control study. Setting All gynaecological, medical, neurological, and neurosurgical departments in Danish hospitals. Subjects Seven hundred and ninety‐four women in Denmark aged 15 to 44 who suffered a cerebral thromboembolic attack during the period 1985 to 1989 and 1588 age‐matched, randomly selected controls. Response Of the 692 case and 1584 control questionnaires sent out, 590 (85.1%) and 1396 (88.1 %), respectively, were returned. Of the 590 cases, nine had had cerebral thrombosis before 1980, 15 refused to participate, 44 had a revised diagnosis (primarily multiple sclerosis) and 25 had an unreliable diagnosis, leaving 497 with a reliable cerebral thromboembolic diagnosis. Among the 1396 controls, 26 either refused to participate, were mentally handicapped, lived abroad or returned an uncompleted questionnaire, leaving 1370 controls included in the study. Results After multivariate analysis, pregnancy implied an odds ratio (OR) for a cerebral thromboembolic attack of 1.3 (nonsignificant), diabetes an OR of 5.4 (P < 0.001), hypertension an OR of 3.1 (P < 0.001) and migraine an OR of 2.8 (P < 0.01). Women with previous non‐cerebral thrombotic disease had an OR for cerebral thrombo‐embolism of 5.3 (P < 0.001). Women with other predisposing medical diseases had an OR of 8.3 (P < 0.001). These ORs were identical among users and non‐users of combined oral contraceptives. Conclusion In this study pregnancy implied a non‐significant elevated odds ratio of 1.3 for cerebral thromboembolism whereas diabetes, hypertension, migraine and past thromboembolic events increased the risk of cerebral thromboembolism significantly. Women with these increased thrombotic risks should use oestrogen‐containing oral contraceptives only after careful considerations of the risks, if at all.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebra1 thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease

Lidegaard

1995

BJOG

150

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“…The effect of estrogens on the renin-angiotensin system is also of interest in view of the increasingly recognized occurrence of hypertension in women taking oral contraceptives. The incidence of hypertension has varied widely in different populations groups, from less than 1 % up to 18 % (Tyson, 1968 ;Goodwin and Waechter, 1969 ;Saruta et al, 1970 ;Weir et al, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the kinetic rate constants of normal and high molecular weight renin substrate from term pregnancy human plasma.

Shionoiri

Gotoh

Kaneko³

et al. 1983

Endocrinol Japon

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“…It is now well established that a small rise in blood pressure is seen in many women taking an oestrogen-containing oral contraceptive (Weir et al, 1971;Fisch et al, 1972;Clezy et al, 1972) and that some women develop significant hypertension (Laragh et al, 1967;Saruta et al, 1970;Wallace, 1971). A case of reversible malignant hypertension due to oral contraceptives has been reported (Harris, 1969).…”

Section: Oestrogen-containing Preparations and Contraceptives 353mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive Drug Therapy

Simpson

1973

Drugs

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Blood-Pressure in Women After One Year of Oral Contraception

Cited by 70 publications

References 15 publications

Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebra1 thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease

Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebra1 thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease

Differences in the kinetic rate constants of normal and high molecular weight renin substrate from term pregnancy human plasma.

Antihypertensive Drug Therapy

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