Blood pressure is associated with cognitive impairment in young hypertensives

Gupta, Ravi; Solanki, Ram Kumar; Pathak, Vijay

doi:10.1080/15622970601187784

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The previous studies were focused largely on global neuropsychological functions and only few papers combined an evaluation of impairments of the prefrontal functions such as executive function and working memory 29-32. In our study, PC patients showed lower performances not only in terms of global executive capacities but, in particular, of selective attention and verbal fluency, suggesting that high BP values may have an early negative effect on frontal functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Impaired Cognitive Executive Dysfunction in Adult Treated Hypertensives with a Confirmed Diagnosis of Poorly Controlled Blood Pressure

Spinelli¹,

De²,

Schirosi³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background. High blood pressure (BP) poses a major risk for cognitive decline. Aim of the study was to highlight the relationship between cognitive assessment scores and an effective therapeutic BP control.Methods. By medical visit and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), we studied 302 treated hypertensives, subdivided according to office/daytime BP values into 120 with good (GC) and 98 poor (PC) BP control, 40 with “white coat hypertension” (WCH) and 44 a “masked-hypertension” phenomenon (MH). Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment to evaluate global cognitive scores at the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and attention/executive functions (Delayed Recall, Digit Span Forwards, Digit Span Backwards, Selective Attention, Verbal Fluency, Stroop Test and Clock Drawing). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) served as the index of vascular damage.Results. There were no differences among the groups in terms of gender, age, education, metabolic assessment, clinical history and hypertension treatment. GC presented lower office and ambulatory BP values and IMT. PC performed worse than GC on global executive and attention functions, especially executive functions. In PC, office systolic BP (SBP) was significantly associated to the MMSE and FAB scores and, in particular, to Verbal Fluency, Stroop Errors and Clock Drawing tests. Office diastolic BP (DBP) was associated to Selective attention, nocturnal SBP to Digit Span backwards and Verbal Fluency. Worse cognitive assessment scores were obtained in WCH than GC.Conclusions. The findings showed that in adult treated hypertensives, a poor BP control, as both doctor's office and daytime scores, is associated to impaired global cognitive and especially executive/attention functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Impaired Cognitive Executive Dysfunction in Adult Treated Hypertensives with a Confirmed Diagnosis of Poorly Controlled Blood Pressure

Spinelli¹,

De²,

Schirosi³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…Moreover, impaired cognitive function has been reported in populations that typically demonstrate abnormal cardiovagal BRS, such as patients with hypertension [26,27] and orthostatic hypotension [28,29]. Brain hypoperfusion could be a physiological mechanism that links reduced BRS with impaired cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and baseline cerebral perfusion of the hippocampus

et al. 2015

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“…Participants were aged between 18 [76] and 100 years [89]. The studies showed a variable percentage of men between 17 [53] and 69 [67]. In some cases, samples size were composed only by women [72] and in other cases, there were samples of only men [43,47,65,80,83,84].…”

Section: Demographic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

Forte

Pascalis

Favieri

et al. 2019

JCM

104

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Background: High blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed. Methods: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities. Results: Higher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of "cardiovascular paradox" is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning. Conclusions: The results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing. into dementia. Given the progressive ageing of the world population, the challenge of modern science is highlighted the factors associated with the evolution of cognitive impairment.Cognitive impairment appears to be amplified by several factors as the habit of smoking cigarettes [13,14], chronic use of alcohol [15], poor eating habits and obesity [16,17], inadequate exercise [18], chronic stress [19] or by some pathologies such as diabetes mellitus [20] or depression [21]. Moreover, the risk of cognitive impairment appears to increase in the presence of cardiovascular disorders, such as high blood pressure, cardiomyopathies, arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarcts and strokes [22]. Many studies have shown an association between vascular ageing indices, such as stiffness of the arteries and dysfunction of small vessels and cognitive decline [23]. The exposure to high blood pressure would damage the cerebral microcirculation, causing cognitive impairments [23].The mechanisms that can explain the relationship between high blood pressure and cognitive impairment are not wholly known. Some studies have shown associations be...

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Blood pressure is associated with cognitive impairment in young hypertensives

Abstract: Diastolic hypertension was associated with significant impairment of cognitive functions in younger subjects. On the other hand good compliance and calcium channel blockers had protective effect on hypertension induced cognitive impairment, especially on the prefrontal functions.

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Impaired Cognitive Executive Dysfunction in Adult Treated Hypertensives with a Confirmed Diagnosis of Poorly Controlled Blood Pressure

Impaired Cognitive Executive Dysfunction in Adult Treated Hypertensives with a Confirmed Diagnosis of Poorly Controlled Blood Pressure

Association between cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and baseline cerebral perfusion of the hippocampus

Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

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