Blood‐protein allele frequencies and phylogenetic relationships in Macaca: A review

Abstract

Allele-frequency data have been assembled for 35 blood-protein loci in 17 of 19 recognized species of Macaca based on 29 published electrophoretic studies; studies of inbred captive colonies have been excluded. Data for 22 polymorphic loci are tabulated in detail for 43 geographic populations of these species. Calculated FsT values provide a measure of intergroup genetic differentiation at various hierarchical levels-troop, locality, province, country or island, species, species group; polymorphism indices measure genetic variation. The greatest intraspecific genetic differentiation occurs at the level of island populations within species. The pattern of genetic variation among island populations appears to be relictual, suggesting that the reduced genetic variability of island populations of macaques is a result of postisolation genetic drift rather than founder effect. Interspecific relationships were investigated by means of a jackknifed Fitch-Margoliash algorithm, using Papio as outgroup. Phylogenetic inferences based on blood-protein evidence are largely compatible with inferences based on morphology and zoogeography. The reduced genetic variability that frequently characterizes insular macaque populations complicates phylogenetic interpretation of blood-protein evidence.

Comparison of Y Chromosome and mtDNA Phylogenies Leads to Unique Inferences of Macaque Evolutionary History

“…Most protein studies of macaque phylogeny have produced results consistent with Delson's reclassifications (Nozawa et al, 1977;Cronin et al, 1980;Melnick and Kidd, 1985;Fooden and Lanyon, 1989).…”

cDNA and protein sequence of polymorphic macaque albumins that differ in bilirubin binding.

“…In contrast, by electrophoretic analysis Smith and co-workers (6-9) have identified a pronounced geographic distribution of albumin polymorphism in wild populations of macaque monkeys. Segregation analysis ofthe two phenotypes (Mac A and Mac B) in M. mulatta from India is consistent with the hypothesis of two codominant alleles (Al.ac and Allac) whose frequencies are approximately 0.3-0.4 and 0.6-0.7, respectively (6,10 from rhesus monkeys in the California Regional Primate Research Center at Davis and were subjected to vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as described by Smith (6). Two common albumin bands that differ in mobility by about 1 mm were visualized approximately 14 cm from the origin (Fig.…”

“…One approach to investigating binding sites is to study structural differences in genetic variants that differ in specificity of binding for a particular ligand. In this paper we report the amino acid and cDNA sequence of the serum albumin of the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta,l1 and the difference in sequence of two polymorphic forms of macaque albumin that differ in bilirubin binding specificity (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Confirmation and location of the hybrid zone between wild populations ofMacaca tonkeana andMacaca hecki in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…More characters would be required to clarify relationships among the other taxa. Fooden and Lanyon [1989] compiled published blood-protein allele frequencies for 17 macaque taxa, including all seven Sulawesi forms. Their jackknife strict-consensus tree analysis for Sulawesi taxa (22 polymorphic loci, Macaca nemestrina as an outgroup) identified M. ochreata as the sister taxon of all other Sulawesi forms.…”