Blood Proteins and Inflammation in the Horse

Crisman, Mark V.; Scarratt, W. Kent; Zimmerman, Kurt

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2008.03.004

Cited by 112 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This elevation of γ-globulins usually indicates a non-malignant condition, and is mostly caused by reactive and inflammatory processes (O'Connell et al 2005). The most common causes of polyclonal gammopathies are chronic inflammatory processes (gastrointestinal, respiratory, endocrine, cardiac), severe infections, as well as immune-mediated or rheumatological disorders (Dispenzieri et al 2001;Crisman et al 2008;Vavricka et al 2009). Polyclonal gammopathy may be typically described in animals with leishmaniasis, feline infectious peritonitis, feline leukaemia virus, as well as Ehrlichia canis infection (Tappin et al 2011;Baba et al 2012).…”

Section: Globulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum proteins and their diagnostic utility in veterinary medicine: a review

Tóthová¹,

Nagy²,

Kováč³

2016

Vet. Med.

134

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ABSTRACT:The evaluation of serum proteins and their electrophoretic pattern is a well-established laboratory method in the diagnosis of many diseases in humans, which has replaced the biochemical determination of the concentrations of albumin and the ratio of albumin to globulins. The measurement of serum proteins may be an important diagnostic tool for the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of various diseases and pathological processes. The results of serum protein electrophoresis can be one of the most useful diagnostic aids in a wide spectrum of diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, renal or gastrointestinal disorders, immunodeficiency states, as well as paraproteinaemias caused by lymphoid or plasma cell neoplasia. Although many studies have been carried out to determine the usefulness of the determination of serum proteins and their electrophoretic pattern in various disease conditions and disorders also in animals, serum protein evaluation is still a relatively little-used diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine. In this article, methods of serum protein determination, their diagnostic utility in animal care practice and their different patterns in dysproteinaemias and paraproteinaemias are reviewed.

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Section: Globulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum proteins and their diagnostic utility in veterinary medicine: a review

Tóthová¹,

Nagy²,

Kováč³

2016

Vet. Med.

134

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“…In horses, SAA, CRP, haptoglobin, α 1 ‐acid glycoprotein, and fibrinogen are the main acute phase proteins that have been studied. Among those, only SAA is considered a “major” acute phase protein, with a very rapid (24–48 hours) and pronounced (10 fold or more) increase with inflammation, while haptoglobin and CRP tend to rise and decrease more slowly and to a lesser magnitude 3. SAA and haptoglobin were also found to be elevated in horses with heaves, a condition characterized by severe airway inflammation and airflow limitation 8.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Phase Proteins in Racehorses with Inflammatory Airway Disease

Leclère

Lavoie‐Lamoureux

Lavoie

2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundSystemic inflammation is observed in horses with heaves and could also be present in horses with a lesser degree of pulmonary inflammation.Hypothesis/ObjectivesIt was hypothesized that racehorses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD) have increased concentration of circulating acute phase proteins. The objective of this study was to compare serum acute phase proteins of racehorses with and without lower airway inflammation.AnimalsSerum from 21 client‐owned Standardbred racehorses with exercise intolerance and lower airway inflammation and serum from 10 client‐owned Standardbred racehorses with exercise intolerance without lower airway inflammation.MethodsIn a case–control study, serum samples from previously characterized horses presented for exercise intolerance with or without lower airway inflammation based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology were analyzed for serum amyloid A protein (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin using commercial ELISAs.ResultsThere was no significant differences between groups for SAA (non‐IAD versus IAD, median (range): 3.47 (0.06–34.94) versus 6.33 (0.06–80) μg/mL, P = .49), CRP (10.87 (2.05–29.03) versus 4.63 (0.02–31.81) μg/mL, P = .23) or haptoglobin (900.36 (607.99–2018.84) versus 749.54 (530.81–1076.95) μg/mL, P = .09).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn this population of poorly performing racehorses in training, serum SAA, CRP, and haptoglobin were not helpful in distinguishing between horses with IAD from horses with exercise intolerance from other causes.

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“…The main functions of this systemic response are to provide energy and substrates for the fight against invading pathogens, preventing the transfer of metabolites necessary to pathogens, limiting the damage caused by pathogens and/or remove damaged or infected tissue and restore it. During the development of APR release pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) that act through different receptors on the membrane of hepatocytes, certain proteins synthesized in the so-called acute phase proteins (APPs), including: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin and  1 -acid glycoprotein [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Serum Amyloid Type A (Saa) Concentrations in Horses

Satué¹,

Velarde²,

Gardón³

2013

OJVM

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The acute phase response (APR) is the reaction that occurs in animals in response to disturbances in hemostasis following tissue damage. In horses, the APR is manifested in a variety of pathological processes of various origins, such as infections caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, arthritis, burns, chemicals, trauma surgery and stress. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are considered those proteins that modify its plasma concentration at least 25% in inflammatory and infectious processes. In adult horses, various respiratory inflammatory processes, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs and musculoskeletal system are accompanied by increased levels of a specific APP, so-called serum amyloid type A (SAA). SAA is the most important major APP in the horse. This paper provides a review of physiological factors affecting SAA levels and their role in horses in defense of natural mechanisms, the pathways involved and their material components.

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Blood Proteins and Inflammation in the Horse

Cited by 112 publications

References 43 publications

Serum proteins and their diagnostic utility in veterinary medicine: a review

Serum proteins and their diagnostic utility in veterinary medicine: a review

Acute Phase Proteins in Racehorses with Inflammatory Airway Disease

Factors Influencing Serum Amyloid Type A (Saa) Concentrations in Horses

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