Blood Regeneration in Severe Anemia

1935

Self Cite

In an earlier paper from this laboratory (4), it was pointed out that the splenectomized bile fistula dog showed cycles of bile pigment overproduction and anemia. Because of the very great amounts of bile pigments produced under these conditions we studied this reaction in considerable detail with the hope of a better understanding of body pigment metabolism. Our first paper (4) came to the conclusion that some obscure intrinsic factor related to the spleen was responsible for this reaction. The accompanying paper gives strong evidence that an extrinsic factor (Bartonella canis) is responsible. Splenectomy prepares the way for the Bartonella infection.Granting that Bartonella infection explains the blood destruction with resulting surplus bile pigment production, the mechanism of hemoglobin production under these conditions is of peculiar interest to students of anemia. These dogs must produce enormous amounts of new hemoglobin and red ceils during an active cycle on a diet which permits of but little new hemoglobin formation in simple anemic dogs. We have suggested that from the released hemoglobin the pyrrol aggregate is split off to form bile pigment while the globin fraction is turned over to form new hemoglobin. This proposal assumes that the body can readily produce a large excess of the pyrrol aggregate (four pyrr01 rings) and there is much evidence (1) to support this argument.To gain further information about blood destruction in bile fistula dogs we carried out a prolonged experiment with acetyl phenylhydrazine (Table 23) which gives similar results and supports the Bartonella observations.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ii. Hemoglobin and Bile Pigment Overproduction in the Splenectomized Bile Fistula Dog

Knutti

Hawkins

1935

Self Cite

“…It is very easy to demonstrate experimentally in dogs (8) that during prolonged anemia there will be very efficient conservation of hemoglobin introduced into the blood stream whether the blood hemoglobin comes from the dog, sheep or goose. In fact the introduced hemoglobin, to the extent of 90 to 100 per cent will be conserved (7) and rebuilt into finished red cells which must be removed to maintain the fixed anemia level in the injected dog. It is obvious that the sheep and goose hemoglobin must be broken down to intermediates of unknown nature before the new dog hemoglobin and red blood cells are rebuilt.…”

Section: (From the Department Of Pathology The University Of Rochestmentioning

confidence: 99%

I. Renal Thresholds for Hemoglobin in Dogs

Lichty

Havill

1932

We use the term "renal threshold for hemoglobin" to indicate the smallest amount of hemoglobin which given intravenously will effect the appearance of recognizable hemoglobin in the urine. The initial renal threshold level for dog hemoglobin is established by the methods employed at an average value of 155 mg. hemoglobin per kilo body weight with maximal values of 210 and minimal of 124. Repeated daily injections of hemoglobin will depress this initial renal threshold level on the average 46 per cent with maximal values of 110 and minimal values of 60 mg. hemoglobin per kilo body weight. This minimal or depression threshold is relatively constant if the injections are continued. Rest periods without injections cause a return of the renal threshold for hemoglobin toward the initial threshold levels—recovery threshold level. Injections of hemoglobin below the initial threshold level but above the minimal or depression threshold will eventually reduce the renal threshold for hemoglobin to its depression threshold level. We believe the depression threshold or minimal renal threshold level due to repeated hemoglobin injections is a little above the glomerular threshold which we assume is the base line threshold for hemoglobin. Our reasons for this belief in the glomerular threshold are given above and in the other papers of this series.

“…One can readily show (6) that the anemic dog can use goose and sheep hemoglobin just as completely as dog hemoglobin when given intravenously, and if we give .50 gin. of either foreign hemoglobin we confidently expect to remove from the standardized anemic dog 45 to 50 gin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Globin Utilization by the Anemic Dog to Form New Hemoglobin

Robscheit‐Robbins

1937

Self Cite

It has been shown that the standard anemic dog can use sheep, goose or dog hemoglobin when given by vein and return quantitatively its equivalent as new dog hemoglobin within the red cells. Globin at times can be used when given by vein with a quantitative return of new hemoglobin in red cells in these same anemic dogs. Again the administration of globin by vein will inhibit the expected hemoglobin formation; and we believe the toxic effect of the globin is responsible. A digest of globin may be used by the anemic dog to form new hemoglobin. Globin from both horse and dog have been tested and seem to react in identical fashion. The globin radicle of hemoglobin appears to be an important limiting factor in abundant hemoglobin building in this type of anemia due to blood loss. Globin fed by mouth is well utilized to form new hemoglobin and we may record a 30 to 40 per cent utilization or a return of 30 to 40 gm. new hemoglobin from the feeding of 100 gm. globin. This is to be compared with the utilization of liver protein—an average return of 13 gm. new hemoglobin for the feeding of 100 gm. liver protein.