Blood Regeneration in Severe Anemia

Whipple, G. H.; Robscheit‐Robbins, F. S.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1925.72.3.395

Cited by 60 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Earlier attempts to determine how much of the prosthetic group of hemoglobin is converted into bilirubin when hemoglobin is broken down gave contradictory results, since neither the method of measuring hemoglobin breakdown nor that of determining bile pigment were adequate. Only the development of the technique of Whipple (3057,3059) ultimately supplied the answer. Dogs with renal bile fistulae are kept on a salmon-bread diet with iron-free salt mixture which allows only a small degree of extra hemoglobin synthesis (1-3 g. hemoglobin per week).…”

Section: Breakdown Of Myohemoglobinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematin compounds and bile pigments; their constitution, metabolism, and function, by R. Lemberg and J.W. Legge.

Legge¹,

Lemberg²

1949

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

II. METHODS or INVESTIGATION* Only the naturally occurring hile pigments of type IXa are discussed.* .\11 tlie al).s()r[)ti()ii curves of the "hiliverdiiis" in Heihiieyers hook (121-i) are ohviously tliose of niixtiirt's of liiliverditi witli hiliruliiii (pages 1(51, 1()7) and other * The term K-urobilin is, however, used by the Fischer school to denote a mixture of side chain isomerides of mesobilene-(b) in contradistinction to mesobilene-(b) IXa.* It is not certain, however, whether the albumin is the only plasma protein able to combine with hematin (c/. Miller and Ailing, 191f9a).* Keilin and Smith {1502a) have been unable to confirm the results of Virtanen and Laine.XII. HEMOGLOBIN CATABOLISM, II * Cf., however, Bittner and Watson {28-3a). CHAPTER XIII FORMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN AND SYNTHESIS OF PORPHYRINSIN THE ANIMAL BODY * The hemoglobin found occasionally in some species of Daphnia (Fox,937aa) does not appear to have an essential physiologic function, although, like the hematin compounds mentioned above, it is passed on in parthenogenetic eggs. Even the chlorocruorin or erythrocruorin of serpulimorphid worms does not appear to be essential (Fox, 937a).Glaucobilin. See Mesobiliverdin. Globan, 211. See also Globin (denatured). Globin, denatured, 240, 258 combination with heme, 232 electrometric titration, 255 in erythrocytes, 525 isoelectric point, 255 renaturation, 259 Globin, native, 230, 258, 568 amino acids. See Hemoglobin. combination, with hematins, 239 with metalloporphyrins, 240 with porphyrins, 240 denaturation, 255 ff. 734 SUBJECT INDEX Globin native (contd.) electrometric titration, 255 differential of globin and hemiglobin, 244 fate in hemogIol>in breakdown, 548, 568 frictional ratio, 250 isoelectric point, 255 molecular weight, 250 oxidation, in autoxidation of hemoglobin, 390 in denaturation, 395, 478 preparation, 258 specificity, 321. See also Hemoglobin. synthesis in vivo, 610 Glutathione as anticatalase, 412 and choleglobin formation, 477, 478, 517 and dehydroascorbic acid, 470, 517, 518 in erythrocyte, 516, 522, 619 and hem/globin, 522 as substrate of cytochrome c, 376 Glycine, in porphyrin s\nthesis, 637 Gmelin reaction, 109, 112 (table), 116, 138 Green hemins, 201, 456, 490. See also Chlorophyll hemins, Pheophorbide kemin, Verdochemochrome.

show abstract

Section: Breakdown Of Myohemoglobinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematin compounds and bile pigments; their constitution, metabolism, and function, by R. Lemberg and J.W. Legge.

Legge¹,

Lemberg²

1949

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It contains wheat flour, bran, potato starch, canned salmon, sugar, cod liver oil, canned tomatoes, yeast, and a salt mixture. Its preparation has been described (10). On this diet the hemoglobin production of anemic healthy dogs has been carefully studied and is well understood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ii. Hemoglobin and Bile Pigment Overproduction in the Splenectomized Bile Fistula Dog

Knutti

Hawkins

Whipple

1935

Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an earlier paper from this laboratory (4), it was pointed out that the splenectomized bile fistula dog showed cycles of bile pigment overproduction and anemia. Because of the very great amounts of bile pigments produced under these conditions we studied this reaction in considerable detail with the hope of a better understanding of body pigment metabolism. Our first paper (4) came to the conclusion that some obscure intrinsic factor related to the spleen was responsible for this reaction. The accompanying paper gives strong evidence that an extrinsic factor (Bartonella canis) is responsible. Splenectomy prepares the way for the Bartonella infection.Granting that Bartonella infection explains the blood destruction with resulting surplus bile pigment production, the mechanism of hemoglobin production under these conditions is of peculiar interest to students of anemia. These dogs must produce enormous amounts of new hemoglobin and red ceils during an active cycle on a diet which permits of but little new hemoglobin formation in simple anemic dogs. We have suggested that from the released hemoglobin the pyrrol aggregate is split off to form bile pigment while the globin fraction is turned over to form new hemoglobin. This proposal assumes that the body can readily produce a large excess of the pyrrol aggregate (four pyrr01 rings) and there is much evidence (1) to support this argument.To gain further information about blood destruction in bile fistula dogs we carried out a prolonged experiment with acetyl phenylhydrazine (Table 23) which gives similar results and supports the Bartonella observations.

show abstract

“…A detailed description of the care of the dogs, the production and maintenance of the anemia and the experimental procedure is unnecessary since Whipple's methods have been duplicated to the best of our ability (8,9). Briefly, dogs were fed the salmon bread ration developed in the Rochester laboratory and were bled from the femoral artery at the intervals and in the amounts necessary to produce, at the end of 8 to 12 weeks' time, an anemia with a hemoglobin level about one-third of the normal and a rate of regeneration not greater than 2 gin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin Regeneration in the Chronic Hemorrhagic Anemia of Dogs (Whipple)

Sturgis

Farrar

1935

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evaluation of the potency of a large variety of materials for hemoglobin regeneration in the chronic hemorrhagic anemia of dogs by Whipple and his associates (1) has stimulated further investigation of this condition. The less startling effect of liver feeding in the various types of human secondary anemia (2) raises an interesting question concerning the metabolism of iron and hemoglobin. Why, for example, is liver more effective in these anemic dogs than inorganic iron?An analysis of the daily intake of calories, protein, iron and copper in the diets of 60 representative protocols taken from the publications of the Rochester laboratory, shows for the fruits, vegetables and dairy products, a close correlation between hemoglobin regeneration and the amount of iron ingested when the factor of the availability of these forms of food iron stressed by Elvehjem and his associates (3) is considered. With the glandular, however, and, to a less extent, the muscular foods other factors besides their iron content and its availability to the animal appear to be operating. Perhaps the chronic hemorrhage, in the removal of large amounts of blood constituents other than hemoglobin, and the unfavorable diet used in developing a slowly and constantly regenerating anemia, lead to a deficiency of materials besides iron involved directly or indirectly with hemoglobin formation. In such multiple deficiencies the addition of one of the materials which is lacking causes improvement in the animal's condition. This phenomenon may be considered as a type of mass action effect illustrated by the relationship of copper 457 on

show abstract

Blood Regeneration in Severe Anemia

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Hematin compounds and bile pigments; their constitution, metabolism, and function, by R. Lemberg and J.W. Legge.

Hematin compounds and bile pigments; their constitution, metabolism, and function, by R. Lemberg and J.W. Legge.

Ii. Hemoglobin and Bile Pigment Overproduction in the Splenectomized Bile Fistula Dog

Hemoglobin Regeneration in the Chronic Hemorrhagic Anemia of Dogs (Whipple)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About