Blood, sweat and tears: non-invasive vs. non-disruptive DNA sampling for experimental biology

Lefort, Marie‐Caroline; Boyer, Stéphane; Barun, Arijana; Khoyi, Arsalan Emami; Ridden, Johnathon; Smith, Victoria R; Sprague, Rowan; Waterhouse, Benjamin R.; Cruickshank, Robert

doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.655v1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Preference of buccal cells to obtain DNA is also related to unavailability of medical staff required to collect blood, and provides sufficient DNA quantity and quality. It should also be noted that buccal swabs are less contaminated by proteins compared to other methods of collecting oral biological material, and thus they enable improved quality and quantity of DNA [ 54 , 55 ]. Six common SNPs of the FKBP5 gene (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158) were genotyped with the allelic discrimination technique using validated and predesigned TaqMan ® SNP Genotyping Assays (C__27489960_10, C_____92160_10, C__30559929_10, C___1256778_10, C___8852038_10, and C___1256775_30, respectively) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, U.S.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adults

et al. 2021

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Common variations of the FKBP5 gene are implicated in psychotic disorders, by modulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity to stress. It has been demonstrated that some of them might moderate the effects of childhood trauma on psychosis proneness. However, these associations have not been investigated with respect to traumatic life events (TLEs). Therefore, we aimed to explore whether the FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate the effects of TLEs on the level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). A total of 535 non-clinical adults were approached for participation, and genotyping of six FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158) was performed. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) and the Traumatic Events Checklist (TEC) were administered to assess PLEs and TLEs, respectively. Among the rs1360780 CC homozygotes, a history of physical abuse was associated with significantly higher PQ-16 scores. This difference was not significant in the rs1360780 T allele carriers. Similarly, a history of physical abuse was associated with significantly higher PQ-16 scores in the rs9296158 GG homozygotes but not in the rs9296158 A allele carriers. Finally, emotional neglect was related to significantly higher PQ-16 scores in the rs737054 T allele carriers but not in the rs737054 CC homozygotes. The present study indicates that variation in the FKBP5 gene might moderate the effects of lifetime traumatic events on psychosis proneness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adults

et al. 2021

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“…most fishes and frogs) monitoring reproductive activity can be achieved by destructive, injurious or non‐invasive methods (Table ) (Lefort et al . ). The extra mortality rate imposed by destructive sampling methods makes them undesirable for monitoring reproduction in rare and threatened species (Tsukamoto ; Wei et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An environmental DNA‐based method for monitoring spawning activity: a case study, using the endangered Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica)

et al. 2017

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Summary1. Determining the timing and location of reproductive events is critical for efficient management of species. However, methods currently used for aquatic species are costly, time intensive, biased and often require destructive or injurious sampling. Hence, developing a non-invasive sampling method to accurately determine the timing and location of reproduction for aquatic species would be extremely valuable. 2. We conducted an experimental and field study to determine the influence of spawning, and the mass release of spermatozoa in particular, on environmental DNA (eDNA) concentrations. Using a quantitative PCR approach we monitored changes in nuclear and mitochondrial eDNA concentrations over time. 3. The data from the experimental study and the field survey supported our hypothesis that spawning events are characterized by higher concentrations of nuclear relative to mitochondrial eDNA. Outside of the reproductive period, we find that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragments are equally abundant in environmental water samples. 4. We have shown that changes in the relative abundance of nuclear and mitochondrial eDNA can be used to monitor spawning activity of the endangered Macquarie perch. Our method is likely to be transferrable to other aquatic species and can be particularly useful to increase our understanding of the spawning biology of cryptic, rare or threatened species as well as design and evaluate environmental management actions and determine species establishment.

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“…Genetics plays a prominent role in conservation biology, particularly for investigating and developing solutions to problems of inbreeding and taxonomic uncertainty (Frankham 1995; Kohn et al 2006;Avise 2012;Frankham et al 2014). Conservation biology studies aim to sample with minimal impacts on the individual or population, particularly when working with rare or endangered species (Morin et al 1993; Taberlet and Luikart 1999; Riddle et al 2003; Lefort et al 2014). For genetic studies, this can be accomplished through non-lethal or non-invasive DNA sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term "noninvasive sampling" has been widely applied to any sampling method that does not kill the animal (Morin and Woodruff 1996). Following Lefort et al (2014), Methods that make some contact with the animal, even if it is not perceptibly harmful (e.g. swabbing with a cotton swab), are considered here as "non-lethal" and distinguished from methods that avoid contact with the animal entirely and are therefore truly "non-invasive" (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A size and taxonomic assessment of non-lethal DNA sampling of gastropods using Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards

Leung

2023

Preprint

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Sampling the DNA of rare animal species should have minimal impacts on individual health. This can be accomplished through non-lethal/non-invasive sampling. Few of these methods have been developed for invertebrates, including the Mollusca, which are in global decline. Tissue clipping the foot is a common non-lethal method for gastropods. However, it causes permanent damage and is inappropriate for smaller snails. This study used Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards to sample DNA from snail mucus for species of different sizes and habitat types, and across evolutionarily distant lineages. In a survival assay, the death rate of individuals sampled with FTA cards (12.1%) was greater than in the controls (3.7%), but the difference was not significant. Of 224 individuals representing 27 snail species (17 Hawaiian native, ten non-native) sampled using both FTA cards and tissue clipping, 80.4% of FTA samples and 91.6% of tissue samples amplified for COI, a significant difference. COI sequencing success did not differ significantly between the two methods. For individuals that failed to produce a COI sequence, an attempt was made to sequence 16S. For 16S, amplification and sequencing rates did not differ significantly between FTA and tissue samples. Habitat type and shell size did not affect FTA sampling success. Phylogenetically basal taxa exhibited lower success rates, but this may have been because of difficulty in sampling operculate taxa, and not because of identity. These results indicate that the FTA sampling is a viable non-lethal alternative to tissue clipping and can be used for diverse gastropods.

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Blood, sweat and tears: non-invasive vs. non-disruptive DNA sampling for experimental biology

Abstract: PrePrints 2Note to the readers: this manuscript is currently under development. New versions will 22 be regularly uploaded on PeerJ pre-print. We welcome constructive comments. 24Blood, sweat and tears: non-invasive vs. non-disruptive 25

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

The Impact of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adults

The Impact of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adults

An environmental DNA‐based method for monitoring spawning activity: a case study, using the endangered Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica)

A size and taxonomic assessment of non-lethal DNA sampling of gastropods using Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards

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