Blood urokinase plasminogen activator system in chronic urticaria

Kasperska−Zając, Alicja; Brzoza, Zenon; Rogala, Barbara

doi:10.1007/s00403-006-0715-8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…29,30 However, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), suPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were not elevated in one study in CSU patients. 31 We add to these previous observations our finding of increased PAP-complex levels in CSU compared to healthy controls. There is a large bout of evidence demonstrating that activation of the fibrinolytic system and contact system go hand in hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The fibrin degradation product D‐dimer is associated with CSU, and it correlates with disease severity and antihistamine‐resistant urticaria . However, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), suPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 were not elevated in one study in CSU patients . We add to these previous observations our finding of increased PAP‐complex levels in CSU compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for bradykinin release in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Hofman

Elzen

Kuijpers

et al. 2020

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by recurrent itchy weals and/or angioedema and is believed to be driven by mast cell activation. It was shown that excessive mast cell activation during anaphylaxis initiates contact activation, resulting in bradykinin release. Evidence for bradykinin release was never demonstrated in CSU. Objective To study biomarkers of bradykinin release in CSU. Methods Plasma samples of CSU patients were collected during routine visits at the outpatient clinic. Cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (cHK) was used as a biomarker for bradykinin release. cHK, factor XIIa‐C1‐inhibitor (FXIIa‐C1‐INH), kallikrein‐C1‐INH, plasmin‐antiplasmin (PAP) complexes and soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels were determined by ELISA. Clinical data and data on tryptase levels were collected from medical records. cHK levels were compared to previously determined levels in hereditary angioedema (HAE). Results One hundred seventeen samples from 88 CSU patients and 28 samples from healthy controls were analysed. Median cHK level in CSU was 9.1% (range: 1.4%‐21.5%), significantly increased compared to healthy controls (median 6.0% range: 0%‐19.9%; P = .0005) and comparable to HAE (n = 46, median 10.3%, range 0%‐44.3%, P > .9999). cHK levels normalized in patients during disease remission (median 6.5% range 1.5%‐20.8%) but were not dependent on the presence of angioedema, acute angioedema attacks or response to antihistamines. Surprisingly, cHK levels were inversely correlated to serum tryptase (r = −0.65 P = .0137). C1‐INH complexes and suPAR levels were not elevated in patients compared to healthy controls. PAP‐complex levels in patients were elevated compared to healthy controls but there was no correlation between PAP‐complex and cHK levels. Conclusions cHK levels are elevated in symptomatic CSU patients compared to healthy controls, indicating increased bradykinin production. Increased cHK levels are not limited to patients with angioedema. Clinical relevance If elevated bradykinin generation has clinical implications in the pathology of CSU is open to debate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for bradykinin release in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Hofman

Elzen

Kuijpers

et al. 2020

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…In CSU and/or DPU sera, 11 different markers were investigated in nine different studies. TG2, 53 VEGF, 55,56 endostatin, 57 thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1), 57 substance P, 58 and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) 59 were described upregulated whilst controversially, other studies (n=4) showed normal regulation of VEGF or VEGF1 and VEGF2, 56,60 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), 56 substance P, 61 and the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)/soluble receptor of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (suPAR)system 62 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers for the involvement of endothelial cells and the coagulation system in chronic urticaria: A systematic review

Mostmans

Smedt

Richert

et al. 2021

Allergy

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Chronic urticaria (CU) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder for which different pathogenic mechanisms have been described. CU is characterized by the activation of skin mast cells (MCs) with subsequent degranulation and the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators. As a result, the endothelium gets activated resulting in vasodilation and extravasation, clinically visible as erythema and itchy wheals and/or angioedema, respectively. 1 These symptoms of CU develop recurrently and resolve spontaneously. In the inducible forms of CU, that is, chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU), the activation of skin MCs is induced by definite

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“…12 Moreover, CU patients showing positive response to ASST had plasma profile of the urokinase system-associated proteins, which was not markedly different as compared with CU patients with negative ASST as well as healthy subjects, suggesting that systemic fibrinolysis may not be involved in chronic urticaria. 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of D-dimer serum levels among patients with chronic urticaria, psoriasis and urticarial vasculitis

Criado

Antinori

Maruta³

et al. 2013

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes, under appropriated stimulus, may express tissue factor and therefore, activate the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. We performed a transversal and case-control study of patients with chronic urticaria and patients with psoriasis, in our outpatient clinic to evaluate the production of D-dimer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate D-dimer serum levels in patients with chronic urticaria and its possible correlation with disease activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted from October 2010 until March 2011. We selected 37 consecutive patients from our Allergy Unit and Psoriasis Unit, and divided them into three groups for statistical analysis: (i) 12 patients with active chronic urticaria (CU); (ii) 10 patients with chronic urticaria under remission and (iii) 15 patients with psoriasis (a disease with skin inflammatory infiltrate constituted by neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). Another five patients with urticarial vasculitis were allocated in our study, but not included in statistical analysis. The serum levels of D-dimer were measured by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), and the result units were given in ng/ml FEU. RESULTS Patients with active chronic urticaria had the highest serum levels of D-dimer (p<0.01), when compared to patients with CU under remission and the control group (patients with psoriasis). CONCLUSIONS Patients with active chronic urticaria have higher serum levels of D-dimer, when compared to patients with chronic urticaria under remission and patients with psoriasis. We found elevated serum levels of D-dimer among patients with urticarial vasculitis.

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Blood urokinase plasminogen activator system in chronic urticaria

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Evidence for bradykinin release in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Evidence for bradykinin release in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Markers for the involvement of endothelial cells and the coagulation system in chronic urticaria: A systematic review

Evaluation of D-dimer serum levels among patients with chronic urticaria, psoriasis and urticarial vasculitis

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