Blood Volume, Not Hemoglobin-Concentration Is Related to Vo2max in Endurance Athletes

Schmidt, Walter; Winchenbach, P.; Biermann, B.; Heinicke, Katja; Zapf, J.; Friedmann, B; Wolfahrt, Bernd

doi:10.1097/00005768-199905001-00062

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, differently from Heinicke et al [ 8 ] (r ranging from 0.27 for elite swimmers to 0.67 for elite middle and long-distance runners), small correlation coefficient (r = 0.16 only) was observed here between BV and YYIR2 TD . In addition, the moderate association of [Hb] and YYIR2 TD contrasts with previous findings [ 9 , 23 ]. Based on Fick’s equation (or Hagen-Poiseuille law), BV (which modulates cardiac output) and [Hb] are considered as the dominant factors as they determine the O 2 carrying-capacity and then the arterio-venous O 2 difference [ 1 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Association of Hematological Variables with Team-Sport Specific Fitness Performance

et al. 2015

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PurposeWe investigated association of hematological variables with specific fitness performance in elite team-sport players.MethodsHemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured in 25 elite field hockey players using the optimized (2 min) CO-rebreathing method. Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed in venous blood. Fitness performance evaluation included a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test (8 x 20 m sprints, 20 s of rest) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (YYIR2).ResultsHbmass was largely correlated (r = 0.62, P<0.01) with YYIR2 total distance covered (YYIR2TD) but not with any RSA-derived parameters (r ranging from -0.06 to -0.32; all P>0.05). [Hb] and MCHC displayed moderate correlations with both YYIR2TD (r = 0.44 and 0.41; both P<0.01) and RSA sprint decrement score (r = -0.41 and -0.44; both P<0.05). YYIR2TD correlated with RSA best and total sprint times (r = -0.46, P<0.05 and -0.60, P<0.01; respectively), but not with RSA sprint decrement score (r = -0.19, P>0.05).ConclusionHbmass is positively correlated with specific aerobic fitness, but not with RSA, in elite team-sport players. Additionally, the negative relationships between YYIR2 and RSA tests performance imply that different hematological mechanisms may be at play. Overall, these results indicate that these two fitness tests should not be used interchangeably as they reflect different hematological mechanisms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Association of Hematological Variables with Team-Sport Specific Fitness Performance

et al. 2015

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“…The strong positive relationship between VO 2max , BV, and tHb-mass for absolute and relative values was proved in several cross-sectional studies with small numbers of subjects (Å strand, 1952;Convertino, 1991;Gore et al, 1997;Schmidt et al, 1999;Heinicke et al, 2001).…”

Section: Thb-mass and Performance -Cross-sectional Studies In Normoxiamentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of various training modalities on blood volume

Schmidt

Prommer

2008

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

Self Cite

117

126

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It is controversially discussed whether soccer games should be played at moderate (2001-3000 m) and high altitudes (3001-5500 m) or should be restricted to near sea level and low altitude (501-2000 m) conditions. Athletes living at altitude are assumed to have a performance advantage compared with lowlanders. One advantage of altitude adaptation concerns the expansion of total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass), which is strongly related to endurance performance at sea level. Cross-sectional studies show that elite athletes posses approximately 35% higher tHb-mass than the normal population, which is further elevated by 14% in athletes native to altitude of 2600 m. Although the impact of this huge tHb-mass expansion on performance is not yet investigated for altitude conditions, lowland athletes seek for possibilities to increase tHb-mass to similar levels. At sea level tHb-mass is only moderately influenced by training and depends more on genetic predisposition. Altitude training in contrast, using either the conventional altitude training or the live high-train low (>14 h/day in hypoxia) protocol for 3-4 weeks above 2500 m leads to mean increases in tHb-mass of 6.5%. This increase is, however, not sufficient to close the gap in tHb-mass to elite athletes native to altitude, which may be in advantage when tHb-mass has the same strong influence on aerobic performance at altitude as it has on sea level.

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“…Some authors state that an approximate 70 % increase in V Ç O 2max is caused by increased oxygen transport within the circulation, and changes in all other systems are responsible for the remaining 30 % [12]. This view is supported by the close relationship between V Ç O 2 max and blood volume (BV) as well as total hemoglobin mass (tHb) [8,37]. Athletes, therefore, are characterized by larger blood volumes than untrained individuals, which has been common knowledge for about 50 years [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Volume and Hemoglobin Mass in Elite Athletes of Different Disciplines

Heinicke¹,

Wolfarth²,

Winchenbach³

et al. 2001

Int J Sports Med

168

170

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Although it is well known that athletes have considerably larger blood volumes than untrained individuals, there is no data available describing the blood volume variability among differently trained athletes. The first aim of the study was to determine whether athletes from different disciplines are characterized by different blood volumes and secondly to what extent the blood volume can possibly limit endurance performance within a particular discipline. We investigated 94 male elite athletes subdivided into the following 6 groups: downhill skiing (DHS), swimming (S), running (R), triathlon (TA), cycling junior (CJ) and cycling professional (CP). Two groups of untrained subjects (UT) and leisure sportsmen (LS) served as controls. Total hemoglobin (tHb) and blood volume (BV) were measured by the CO-rebreathing method. In comparison to UT (mean +/- SD: tHb 11.0 +/- 1.1 g/kg, BV 78.3 +/- 7.9 ml/kg) tHb and BV were about 35 - 40 % higher in the endurance groups R, TA, CJ, and CP (e. g. in CP: tHb 15.3 +/- 1.3 g/kg, BV 107.1 +/- 7.0 ml/kg). Within the endurance groups we found no significant differences. The anaerobic discipline DHS was characterized by very low BV (87.6 +/- 3.1 ml/kg). S had an intermediate position (BV 97.4 +/- 6.1 ml/kg), probably because of the immersion effects during training in the water. VO(2)max was significantly related to tHb and BV not only in the whole group but also in all endurance disciplines. The reasons for the different BVs are an increased adaptation to training stimuli and probably also individual predisposing genetic factors.

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Blood Volume, Not Hemoglobin-Concentration Is Related to Vo2max in Endurance Athletes

Cited by 5 publications

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Association of Hematological Variables with Team-Sport Specific Fitness Performance

Association of Hematological Variables with Team-Sport Specific Fitness Performance

Effects of various training modalities on blood volume

Blood Volume and Hemoglobin Mass in Elite Athletes of Different Disciplines

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