“…Chironomid species thrive in almost every conceivable freshwater environment (Oliver, 1971; Edward, 1986; Pinder, 1986) and can infest municipal water supplies (Silvery, 1956; Williams, 1974; Resh & Grodhaus, 1983; Levy et al ., 1986; Ali, 1991; Bay, 1993; Berg, 1995). Therefore, it is not surprising that chironomid larvae are present at all stages of the water‐treatment processes in surface‐derived water‐treatment plants (Price & Gigg, 1997).…”