Bloom forming Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in shallow waters of the Åland Archipelago, Northern Baltic Sea

Kremp, Anke; Lindholm, Tore; Dreßler, Nicole; Erler, Katrin; Gerdts, Gunnar; Eirtovaara, S.; Leskinen, Elina

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.004

Cited by 89 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…27). In contrast, Kremp et al (2009) have demonstrated that English strains appear to be more closely related to A. ostenfeldii isolates from the Baltic and to A. peruvianum isolates from the Mediterranean.…”

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confidence: 72%

“…In contrast, Touzet et al (2008) report on spirolide production by isolates from Irish waters, but did not find evidence for the production of PSP toxins. Interestingly, PSP toxin production has been detected in strains isolated from the Å land Archipelago on the south-west coast of Finland, however no spirolide production was observed (Kremp et al, 2009 detected in A. ostenfeldii exponentially growing cells in batch culture compared with concentrations produced by A. tamarense (Table 2). The concentration of NEO determined was just above the limit of detection of the LC-MS/MS instrumentation and not detected using the JRT kit.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distribution, diversity and toxin composition of the genusAlexandrium(Dinophyceae) in Scottish waters

Brown

Bresnan

Graham

et al. 2010

European Journal of Phycology

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Alexandrium is detected throughout Scottish coastal waters on a near annual basis, and corresponding paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins are found in Scottish shellfish. Previous studies at selected Scottish sites have shown diversity within the genus Alexandrium. In order to examine the distribution, diversity and toxicity of Alexandrium populations around the Scottish coast, historic cyst and cell data were compiled and cultures established from sediment and water samples. Historic data showed high cell densities of Alexandrium in Shetland, Orkney, the Western Isles and mainland east coast. Low abundances of Alexandrium cysts were observed along the west coast. Four species of Alexandrium (A. tamarense, A. ostenfeldii, A. minutum and A. tamutum) were established in laboratory culture and identified using morphological criteria. Sequencing of LSU rDNA from isolates of A. ostenfeldii, A. minutum and A. tamutum confirmed their identification and showed them to be similar to other European strains. Alexandrium tamarense, identified by morphological criteria, was observed to have a widespread distribution around the coast. Both toxin-and non toxin-producing strains of this species were isolated, suggesting the presence of A. tamarense Groups I and III. Alexandrium ostenfeldii was isolated from the east coast and Shetland Isles and was observed to produce both spirolide and PSP toxins. Alexandrium tamutum was identified from cultures isolated from Shetland and Orkney, the most northerly observation of this species to date. PSP toxins were not detected in isolates of A. minutum from the east coast and Orkney or of A. tamutum under the culture conditions used. This study has highlighted the diversity of Alexandrium in Scottish waters and reveals the requirement for temporal and regional studies on a species level in order to understand the variation in cell densities and PSP toxicity that is observed on an annual and decadal scale.

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confidence: 72%

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confidence: 99%

Distribution, diversity and toxin composition of the genusAlexandrium(Dinophyceae) in Scottish waters

Brown

Bresnan

Graham

et al. 2010

European Journal of Phycology

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“…from South America (Sánchez et al,57 2004), the Northern Baltic Sea (Kremp et al, 2009), along the Adriatic coast of Italy 58 (Ciminiello et al, 2006), the estuaries of the US East coast , and, most 59 recently, the Netherlands (Burson et al, 2014). It is not clear whether the recent increase in 60 parameters estimated from the data, using an evolutionary model GTR+G, selected under the 186 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) with jModelTest 0.1.1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of spirolide producing Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) from the western Arctic

Tillmann¹,

Kremp²,

Tahvanainen³

et al. 2014

Harmful Algae

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“…SPXs are potent fastacting toxins that interact with muscarinic receptors in nerve cells and cause acute neurotoxic activity in mice (40 and 1000 µg kg -1 for intra-peritoneal injection and oral administration, respectively) (Richard et al 2001). SPX-producing strains of A. ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum have been isolated from various coastal areas around the world and have shown variations in SPX and/or PSP toxin composition, making toxin profiles promising as global population biomarkers (Mackenzie et al 1996, Cembella et al 1998, 2000, John et al 2003, Percy et al 2004, Lim et al 2005, Touzet et al 2008a, Kremp et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recovery of A. ostenfeldii from the water samples by backwashing is likely to have been greater because of the larger cell size of specimens. A. ostenfeldii often occurs at relatively low cell densities but can also reach bloom concentrations greater than 1 × 10 5 cells l -1 (Kremp et al 2009). In the present study, the cell concentrations of A. ostenfeldii were always low (<150 cells l -1 ) and were often well below the detection limit of light microscopy methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Summer dynamics of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) and spirolide toxins in Cork Harbour, Ireland

Touzet¹,

Lacaze²,

Maher³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Proliferations of toxic Alexandrium spp. have adversely affected the shellfish aquaculture industry worldwide. A. ostenfeldii can produce several biotoxins, including the recently characterised fast-acting toxins spirolides (SPX). A dual labelling fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) assay was developed for discriminating simultaneously between the closely related taxa A. ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Surveys were undertaken throughout the summers of 2006, 2007 and 2008 in Cork Harbour, Ireland, where a mixed community of Alexandrium spp. develops annually. A. peruvianum was not detected but the presence of A. ostenfeldii was confirmed by FISH and morphological analysis. The species never reached high concentrations (max. ~200 cells l -1 ) and contributed on average to only 0.4% of the Alexandrium community, usually dominated by A. minutum and A. tamarense (Group III). Although cell concentrations were several orders of magnitude lower, the dynamics of A. ostenfeldii were similar to those of other Alexandrium spp. during the 3 consecutive summers, suggesting a common response to environmental forcing. Analytical chemistry performed on extracts from passive solid-phase adsorption samplers identified lipophilic toxins dominated by okadaic acid, but also 13-desmethyl SPX C and 20-methyl SPX G, with dynamics generally congruent with those of A. ostenfeldii. The passive samplers enabled the quantification of background toxin levels at very low A. ostenfeldii concentrations, showing potential for forecasting of toxic events. The ability to quantify toxic A. ostenfeldii cells within high density microalgal populations of morphologically similar species makes the dual FISH assay valuable for phytoplankton monitoring programs and future biogeographical and population dynamics studies.KEY WORDS: Harmful algal bloom · HAB · Alexandrium · Solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking · SPATT · Spirolides · Fluorescent in situ hybridisation · FISH · Cork Harbour Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 425: [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] 2011 specific geographic areas (Balech 1995). Members of the A. tamarense species complex and the A. minutum clade have frequently been involved in shellfish contamination with levels of neurotoxins unsafe for human consumption (FAO 2004). The corresponding human intoxication syndrome, known as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is caused by structural derivatives of the alkaloid compound saxitoxin. Spirolides (SPXs) are lipophilic marine biotoxins that were discovered more recently. These macrocyclic imines were first characterised from A. ostenfeldii cells following monitoring of shellfish in Canada (Cembella et al. 2000). SPXs are potent fastacting toxins that interact with muscarinic receptors in nerve cells and cause acute neurotoxic activity in mice (40 and 1000 µg kg -1 for intra-peritoneal injection and oral administration, respectively) (Richard et al. 2001). SPX-producing strains of A. ostenf...

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Bloom forming Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in shallow waters of the Åland Archipelago, Northern Baltic Sea

Cited by 89 publications

References 40 publications

Distribution, diversity and toxin composition of the genusAlexandrium(Dinophyceae) in Scottish waters

Distribution, diversity and toxin composition of the genusAlexandrium(Dinophyceae) in Scottish waters

Characterization of spirolide producing Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) from the western Arctic

Summer dynamics of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) and spirolide toxins in Cork Harbour, Ireland

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