Blooming theory of tristearin

Abstract

5"Blooming" of tristearin (SSS), a spontaneous formation of flake-like surface structure on a triacylglycerols (TAG), was discussed. It has been well known that blooming of TAGs was closely related to the polymorphism, however, a foundamental question on how the blooming on micrometer scale was connected with the polymorphism on molecular scale is still unclear. We theoretically found that the flakes were formed to release deformation energy of surface induced 10 by phase transformation from the α-phase to the β'-phase in the polymorphism of SSS. It was also able to explain the flake size observed in experiments (~ 3 µm × 3 µm × 0.1 µm). This theory would provide a better understanding of the spontaneous formation of surface structures in chocolate, fats, fatty acids, waxes, and water-repellent leaves of grasses.

Role of Lipid Blooming and Crystallite Size in the Performance of Highly Soluble Drug-Loaded Microcapsules

“…Instead, several round‐shaped structures cover the surface. The results of Mayama and coworkers on super water‐repellent surface structures corroborate with our observation that α‐crystallization was avoided in the HMC process of microcapsules B that are in the stable β‐form. Of note, it was not possible to detect the β′‐form after processing, as in pure monoacid triglycerides, β′‐form rapidly transforms to β‐form .…”

“…After crystallization, TAGs exhibit monotropic polymorphism where polymorphic transformations occur irreversibly from the least stable with the lowest melting point, α‐form, to the most stable and highest melting point β‐form. This polymorphic stabilization is known to create flake‐like surface structures, the so‐called “fat blooming,” increasing the surface area and forming fractal super water‐repellent surfaces …”

Photoinduced Reversible Topographical Changes on Diarylethene Microcrystalline Surfaces with Biomimetic Wetting Properties

“…[16a] These peaks were also observed for the fibril crystals formed during storage at 30 8C after UV irradiation. [19] The surface after UV irradiation is considered a metastable state because the photogenerated closed-ring isomer has different crystal-packing compared with that of the open-ring isomer. The growth of rod-shaped crystals was observed simultaneously with the melting of the needle-shaped crystals at 50 8C (see the Supporting Information, Movie 2).…”

The non-classical nucleation of crystals: microscopic mechanisms and applications to molecular crystals, ice and calcium carbonate

“…Here nucleation is likely to be occurring at a defect in the solid 2 . An interesting example of this is found in chocolate 86 . The white bloom found on chocolate stored at high temperatures is due to a transformation to a more stable polymorph of a constituent of chocolate.…”

“…The new polymorph has a different unit cell so the transformation causes strain to build which is released by the formation of micrometre and smaller flakes of the new polymorph. These flakes are responsible for the white bloom 86 .…”