Blooms of large diatoms in the oceanic, subarctic Pacific

Clemons, Martha J.; Miller, Charles B.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(84)90076-1

Cited by 65 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…subarctic Pacific region is ~2 pm in dificients of variation from data in Fig. 6 were ameter (Booth et al 1982;Clemons and 70.3% for Neocalanus n. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ingestion, gut passage, and egestion by the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the laboratory and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean12

Dagg

Walser

1987

Limnology & Oceanography

150

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The relationships between ingestion rate, gut content, gut passage time, and egestion rate in the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus were determined in laboratory experiments over a wide range of food concentrations. Ingestion, gut content, and egestion were related to food concentration in a rectilinear manner; increases were linear up to about 4.0 pg Chl liter-' of Thalassiosira weissflogii and constant at higher concentrations. Gut passage time was constant at food concentrations >4.0 pg Chl liter-l, but passage slowed dramatically at lower concentrations.

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“…subarctic Pacific region is ~2 pm in dificients of variation from data in Fig. 6 were ameter (Booth et al 1982;Clemons and 70.3% for Neocalanus n. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ingestion, gut passage, and egestion by the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the laboratory and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean12

Dagg

Walser

1987

Limnology & Oceanography

150

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“…Not only was diversity found to be high, but small cells were seen to vary biochemically, and to include representatives of various siliceous and calcareous taxa (Booth et al 1982, Taylor & Waters 1982, Booth 1988. Occasionally 'blooms' of large diatoms (Clemons & Miller 1984) or coccolithophores (Gower 1997, Lipsen et al 2007) have been observed, and episodes of high production have been inferred from high carbon and nitrogen fluxes to sediment traps at Ocean Station P (OSP, 50°N, 145°W) . More typically, the phytoplankton populations are kept in check either by limitation of growth by low iron (in the case of the larger cells) or by grazing by microzooplankton (small cells) (Miller et al 1991, Harrison 2002, the combination of iron limitation of growth of large phytoplankton and a tight coupling between growth of small cells and grazing of these small cells by microzooplankton (Miller et al 1991) keeps the phytoplankton populations nearly constant year round and dominated by small cells (Harrison 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the phytoplankton assemblage in a long-lived mesoscale eddy in the eastern Gulf of Alaska

Peterson¹,

Crawford²,

Harrison³

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We tracked changes in the phytoplankton species composition in an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy (Haida-2000a) in the eastern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) 4 times over a 20 mo period as it propagated westward away from the coast and into high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll waters. Phytoplankton species diversity in the eddy was higher in late summer/early autumn (September) than in spring (June) and it declined between the first and second years of evolution. Phytoplankton diversity within the eddy was greater than in the surrounding area in September (but not in June) in both the first and second years of evolution. Small cells dominated the phytoplankton assemblages throughout the study at all sites. The prevalence of coastal species in the eddy and its surroundings declined between the first and second years of eddy evolution. During the same period, the contribution of haptophytes and pelagophytes increased. Haida-2000a had a lower abundance of diatoms than its surroundings after one year of evolution, possibly due to the preferential export of silica from the eddy. Pigment and phytoplankton distributions indicated that edge sites differed from the center and outside, either due to the advective entrainment of surrounding waters into eddy circulation, or as a consequence of local upwelling at the eddy margins. The data suggest that eddies may respond differently than surrounding waters to external forcing, including storms and iron deposition events, thereby contributing to variability and large-scale patchiness of phytoplankton populations observed in the GOA.

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“…Iron (Fe) is present in extremely low The subarctic Pacific is one of the 3 high nutrient low concentrations (<0.05 nmol kg-') and thought to limit chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the world's ocean where phytoplankton growth rates (Martin et al 1989) as well macronutrients ( N , P, Si) are always in relatively high as controlling species composition in combination with grazing (Miller et al 1991, Boyd et al in press). Domi-'E-mail: muggli@unlxg.ubc ca nant phytoplankton species in the subarctic Pacific are Mar Ecol Prog Se typically small non-diatoms i5.O pm, but diatoms are present and can, at times, be responsible for a substantial (30 to 50%) amount of the phytoplankton carbon (Booth 1981, Clemons & Miller 1984. As well, large pulses of diatoms do indeed sink to depth, with Actinocyclus curvatulus being a major species found in sediment traps in the spring (Takahashi 1986, Takahashi et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of iron and nitrogen source on the sinking rate, physiology and metal composition of an oceanic diatom from the subarctic Pacific

Dl¹,

Lecourt²,

Pj³

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

108

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The effect of iron (Fe) on the sinking rate of a n oceanic diatom Actinocyclus sp. and an oceanic coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, both isolated from the subarctic Pacific, was examined in natural oceanic seawater. The Fe status of the diatom had a dramatic effect on its sinking rate, causing a 5 times increase from 0.17 to 0.93 m d-' from Fe-replete to Fe-stressed conditions. In contrast, Fe had no effect on the sinking rate of the oceanic coccolithophore, whlch maintained its sinking rate at 0.12 m d-' The cell volume of the d~a t o m decreased slightly under Fe-stressed conditions, but the cell volume of the coccolithophore decreased substantially (4tiC%) under Fe-stressed conditions. The effect of nitrogen source (nitrate vs a m m o n~u m ) on the chlorophyll a (chl a), carbon ( C ) , and nitrogen ( N ) quotas of the oceanic dlatom Act~nocyclus sp. was also examined. Under Fe-stressed conditions when the energystress on the cells is the greatest, ammoni.urn-grown cells appeared to have a physiological advantage over nitrate-grown cells In this oceanic diatom. Ammonium-grown cells were able to maintain normal N and C quotas under Fe-stress, whereas nitrate-grown cells were not, resulting in an 80% reduction In N cell-' for nltrate grown cells under FP-stress. Also, In vlvo f1uo1-escence:chl a increased and chl a C decreased more drastically for nitrate-grown cells under Fc-stress than for ammonium-grown cells, indicating that nitrate-grown cells under Fe-stress are less capable of trapping and utilizing light energy. These findings support theoretical predictions based on Fe and energy requirements for nitrate versus ammonium utilization. Metal quotas (Fe, Mn, Zn) were measured simultaneously using cold-metal techniques to determine the metal content of the cells. There were no significant differences in metal to carbon ratios between nitrate and ammonium-grown cells under Fe-replete conditions. Under Festressed conditions, nitrate-grown cells had significantly higher Mn:C and significantly lower Zn:C ratios than ammonium-grown cells, but there was no observed difference in Fe quotas. In this study we observed that 2 different species of phytoplankton from the subarctic Pacific responded physiologically differently to s~milar Fe conditions. Our results suggest that the sol~tary, centric, 20 to 60 pm diameter oceanlc dlatorn would have a higher sinking rate than the oceanlc coccolithophore in the subarct~c Pacific, perhaps havlng implications for biogenic fluxes to depth. Moreover, our data indicate that thls diatom is probably utll~zing ammonium to mcet its nltrogen requlrements in situ under the low Fe conditlons found In the northeast subarctic Pacific. A c~~~~o c~c~u s s~.appears incapable of effectively chang111g its cell volume to help alleviate Fe-(and other nutnent) stress, whereas the coccolithophore can reduce ~t s cell volume substantially, allowing it to reduce its requlrements for N, C, and Fe. These physiological results help to explain phytoplankton c o m p o s~t~o n dynamics in the ...

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Blooms of large diatoms in the oceanic, subarctic Pacific

Cited by 65 publications

References 12 publications

Ingestion, gut passage, and egestion by the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the laboratory and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean12

Ingestion, gut passage, and egestion by the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the laboratory and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean12

Evolution of the phytoplankton assemblage in a long-lived mesoscale eddy in the eastern Gulf of Alaska

Effects of iron and nitrogen source on the sinking rate, physiology and metal composition of an oceanic diatom from the subarctic Pacific

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