Bloomsbury

Hussey, Mark

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511973673.024

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Although pistol and rifle shooting are monocular modalities, binocular vision can be affected after a training session (Hussey, 2007). Both modalities require the occlusion of one eye to avoid diplopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

Mon‐López

Bernárdez-Vilaboa

Quintana

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Olympic shooting is a sport with high demands of accuracy. Minimal visual errors could be related to performance losses. However, not all visual skills have been studied in depth in this sport. The main objectives of this study were to compare differences in shooters' visual skills by level and to analyze the competition effect on them. Sixty-six participants were distributed in three groups (non-athletes, elite and non-elite). Eleven visual variables were tested in four skills groups (visual acuity, heterophoria, accommodation functions and other visual skills). The data were collected through a pre-and post-competition simulation test. The results of the study showed differences between groups by shooting sport level. In general, shooters had higher visual acuity values than non-athletes p < .001 with large size effects (d between 1.01 and 2.35), and elite shooters presented higher values of accommodation than non-elite shooters p < .05 with large size effects (d between 0.88 and 0.97). Furthermore, different visual skills were modified after competition depending on the shooting level. Specifically, visual accommodation skills were only improved in elite shooters. Finally, our study suggests that elite shooters employ different visual strategies or skills to non-elite shooters and that shooting activity is closely related to some specific visual skills. This aspect should be considered by coaches in the design of optimal visual trainings and improve the shooters' performance. Highlights:. Shooters showed better acuity skills than non-athletes.. Shooting activity seems to improve visual acuity skills, binocular visual time and eye-hand coordination in non-elite shooters, and accommodation and eye-hand coordination in elite shooters immediately after the competition simulation. . Elite shooters employ different visual strategies or skills to non-elite shooters.. Non-dominant eye occlusion may benefit binocular vision recovery by inhibiting aiming action and the use of accommodative flexibility could be related to the QE during the shot.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

Mon‐López

Bernárdez-Vilaboa

Quintana

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…However, in our hands the corresponding reaction when carried out over palladium-charcoal in the absence of pyridine smoothly produced 2,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (VI) in 75% yield and this was found to be the best preparative method for obtaining the latter compound. I t was found further that the condensation between the ketone (VI) and 4-diethylaminobutan-2-one nlethiodide could be effected conveniently by the potassium tert-butoxide-tert-butanol method (2,5), whereby the octalone (VII) was obtained in 34% yield, corrected for unchanged (VI). For personal use only.…”

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confidence: 99%

SYNTHESES IN THE TERPENE SERIES: VIII. SYNTHESIS OF THE CIS- AND TRANS-ISOMERS OF 7,7,10-TRIMETHYLDECAL-1-ONE. A CONVENIENT MODIFICATION OF THE BROWN HYDRATION REACTION

Sondheimer¹,

Wolfe²

1959

Can. J. Chem.

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7,7,10-~rimeth~l-~~(~)-octal-2-one (VII) was converted to the cycloethylenedithiolcetal (VIII), which on Raney nickel reduction yielded 7,7,10-trimethyl-~1(g)-octalin (IX). Oxidation with perbenzoic acid led to the corresponding oxide (X), which could be rearranged in low yield to an equilibrium mixture of 7,7,10-trimethyldecal-1-one consisting essentially of the trans-isomer (XI).A convenient modification of the Brown hydration reaction is described, whereby the necessity of generating diborane or of using diglyme is avoided. 7,7,10-~rimetl~~l-~~(~)-octalin (IX) on Brown hydration using this modification stereospecifically furnished 7,7,10/3-trimethyl-cis-decal-1/3-01 (XII), which was oxidized to 7,7,10-trimethyl-cis-decal-1-one (XIII). Isomerization resulted in the above-described equilibrium mixture containing a t least 90% of the trans-isomer (XI). Similarly, the previously described 10-methyl-~l(g)-octalin (XVI) yielded a mixture of the cis-and trans-isomers of 10-methyldecal-1-one (XIX). Syntheses of 2-rnethylene-7,7,10-trimethyl-~1(g)-octalin (XIV) and of 7,7,10-trimethyl-cis-decal-2,3-dione 3-dithiotrimethylene ketal (XXII) are also described.In Part V of this series (1) stereospecific syntheses of the bicyclic ketones (Ia) and (Ib) were described, compounds which could become rings A and B of triterpenes of the P-amyrin (111) type. For the construction of rings D and E, ketones of type (11) are required which are to be joined to the ketones (I) by a two-carbon unit, probably best introduced as acetylene. In this connection a study of the synthesis and stability of 10-methyldecal-1-one has already been carried out (2).The substances of particular interest are the ketones (IIa) and (IIb) of the cis-configuration. Conformational considerations show that the derived acetylenic carbinols on dehydration should give vinyl-acetylenes with the double bond a t the required A1(2)-position, whereas the corresponding trans-ketones would be expected to give vinylacetylenes with the double bond a t the less desirable

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Bloomsbury

Cited by 2 publications

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Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

SYNTHESES IN THE TERPENE SERIES: VIII. SYNTHESIS OF THE CIS- AND TRANS-ISOMERS OF 7,7,10-TRIMETHYLDECAL-1-ONE. A CONVENIENT MODIFICATION OF THE BROWN HYDRATION REACTION

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