Blue and Near-Ultraviolet Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Nurmikko, A. V.; Han, Jung

doi:10.1557/mrs2002.167

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our degradation work, we suggest, is also of relevance to current questions of longevity in perovskite solar cells, opening another avenue to study microscopic mechanisms of degradation. In broader terms, we note how the epitaxial single‐crystal‐based VCSELs have long been the gold standard in semiconductor laser technologies of high‐end III–V inorganic compounds . Generically, VCSEL devices have advantages of compactness, low lasing threshold, circular beam surface emitting modes, and are compatible with microfabrication as 2D laser arrays.…”

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confidence: 99%

High‐Q, Low‐Threshold Monolithic Perovskite Thin‐Film Vertical‐Cavity Lasers

et al. 2017

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A vertical-cavity surface-emitting perovskite laser is achieved using a microcavity configuration where CH NH PbI thin solid films are embedded within a custom GaN-based high-quality (Q-factor) resonator. This single-mode perovskite laser reaches a low threshold (≈7.6 µJ cm ) at room temperature and emits spatially coherent Gaussian laser beams. The devices allow direct access to the study of perovskite gain dynamics and material robustness.

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confidence: 99%

High‐Q, Low‐Threshold Monolithic Perovskite Thin‐Film Vertical‐Cavity Lasers

et al. 2017

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“…This threshold value is comparable or lower than not only perovskite thin film based vertical cavity lasers, but also other solution processed lasing materials such as II–VI colloidal nanoplatelets, quantum dots, , and organic polymers in the same wavelength range under similar optical pumping conditions. In broader terms, we note that VCSELs are inherently among the most challenging semiconductor device testbeds given their stringent requirements of high optical gain and very low losses. − …”

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Stable Green Perovskite Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers on Rigid and Flexible Substrates

Chen

Nurmikko

2017

ACS Photonics

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Solution processed thin film organo-metal halide perovskites are gaining attention as attractive material prospects for low cost visible and near-infrared lasers while benefiting from recent large investments in photovoltaics of this micro/nanocrystalline material class. A number of reports have demonstrated optically pumped laser action in various optical resonator configurations at comparative low thresholds that might ultimately be compatible with corresponding injection currents required for junction lasers. One major question, however, is the inherent material robustness and stability of the perovskites under what are much higher optical and electronic excitation conditions than encountered in photovoltaics, yet typical in the technologically mature epitaxially grown III−V compound semiconductor lasers. Here we assess CH(NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 3 (FAPbBr 3 ) solid thin films embedded within two sputtered planar dielectric HfO 2 /SiO 2 distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in green perovskite verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (PeVCSELs). The high quality factor single mode resonator (Q ∼ 1420) enables us to reach lasing threshold at low optical pumping (∼18.3 μJ/cm 2 ) while delivering a temporally and spatially well-defined output beam. The device fabrication approach automatically self-encapsulates the perovskite active layer from the ambient. We report here achieving a device lasing lifetime for up to 20 h (∼10 8 laser shots) at room temperature under sustained illumination of 355 nm pulsed laser excitations (0.34 ns, 1 kHz). We also show how this PeVCSEL microfabrication route can be generally adapted to many substrates, specifically demonstrating a green perovskite thin film surface-emitting laser on a flexible polymer substrate.

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“…Recently, the fabrication of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes using GaN materials has been reported [7][8][9]. However, several difficulties still hinder the fabrication of high-quality GaN VCSEL diodes [10,11]. It is difficult to build a high quality (high-Q) optical resonator because of the inherent difficulties of performing epitaxial growth on a polarized surface [12].…”

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Nano-Scale Lateral Milling with Focused Ion Beam for Ultra-Smooth Optical Device Surface~!2009-12-16~!2010-02-18~!2010-04-21~!

Park¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

RPTST

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The effect of the nano-scale lateral milling process using a focused ion beam (FIB) was studied in order to prepare a flat and smooth surface suitable for the growth of optical device structures such as a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror on a rough gallium nitride (GaN) surface. A high-quality, smooth, and flat surface is very essential for high precision space optics. It was fabricated using the nano-scale lateral milling process and was analyzed using an atomic force microscope. A regular geometric corrugation ripple with an amplitude of 18Å was achieved using a 30 KeV gallium ion-beam oriented at a normal angle of incidence operating at a beam current of 7nA. We suggest a simple engineering model for the formation of regular geometric ripples made by the serial cutting sequence of focused ion beam. This model can improve various device fabrications with a focused ion beam.

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Blue and Near-Ultraviolet Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

High‐Q, Low‐Threshold Monolithic Perovskite Thin‐Film Vertical‐Cavity Lasers

High‐Q, Low‐Threshold Monolithic Perovskite Thin‐Film Vertical‐Cavity Lasers

Stable Green Perovskite Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers on Rigid and Flexible Substrates

Nano-Scale Lateral Milling with Focused Ion Beam for Ultra-Smooth Optical Device Surface~!2009-12-16~!2010-02-18~!2010-04-21~!

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