Blue light induces DNA damage in normal human skin keratinocytes

Abstract

Blue light (400-500 nm) takes part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum. Natural sunlight blue wavelengths, which are always mixed with green, yellow, and red wavelengths, have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of sleeping patterns and circadian rhythms. 1 However, since the 1980s the development of lightemitting diodes (LED) without red and near-infrared wavelengths and the concomitant exponential use of digital technologies, such as flat-screen TVs, computers, tablets, and smartphones, have led to a drastic increase in human exposure to blue light 2 and to several concerns about their possible involvement in the development of degenerative eye diseases. Moreover, the expansion of therapeutic protocols using blue light irradiation in several dental treatments and dermatologic therapies has highlighted their potential side effects. 3 The toxic and genotoxic effects of blue wavelengths have mainly been studied in the context of their therapeutic and ocular risks: They have been shown to induce cellular dysfunction and

Formulation of a new broad‐spectrum UVB + UVA and blue light SPF50+ sunscreen containing Phenylene Bis‐Diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB), an innovative sun filter with unique optical properties

“…Therefore, it could be of interest in the future to perform modified alkaline COMET assays, using formamidopyrimidine‐DNA glycosylase and T4 endonuclease V, 7,65 to gain more insight into the generation of DNA damage by HEV/blue light. This approach was recently used in conjunction with micronucleus assays in the study by Chamayou‐Robert et al 66 . to show that exposure to a single dose of blue light at 415 nm generates both oxidized DNA bases and CPDs, which may result in chromosome aberrations in human keratinocyte cultures.…”

Carotenoids in Human Skin In Vivo: Antioxidant and Photo-Protectant Role against External and Internal Stressors

“…It was suggested that violet-blue light, also known as high-energy visible light, causes ROS formation in the skin, which induces a decrease of the carotenoid concentration in the SC. Subsequently, the ROS formation in the skin that is caused by exposure to visible light was confirmed in an in vivo study of human skin using EPR spectroscopy [ 158 ] and in numerous studies evaluating oxidative stress-induced changes in the skin subsequent to irradiation with visible light [ 159 , 160 , 161 ].…”

Topical Pharmacotherapy for Actinic Keratoses in Older Adults

“…Sunscreens are the other pillar of prevention: their use is recommended by all guidelines [9,[51][52][53] as RCTs have demonstrated that sunscreen use reduces the occurrence of both AKs and SCCs [54][55][56]. The preventative action of sunscreens will likely be further increased by new filters with better photo-stability and water resistance [57] and will be able to shield not only UVB but also UVA and blue light, which have demonstrated mutagenic activity on keratinocytes [57,58]. Oral photoprotection and chemoprevention treatments are also attracting increasing attention: oral nicotinamide (or niacinamide) is a low-cost compound that has demonstrated to both prevent and reduce the number of AKs in high-risk patients, i.e., patients who had at least two non melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) in the previous 5 years [59].…”

“…Sunscreens are the other pillar of prevention: their use is recommended by all guidelines [ 9 , 51 – 53 ] as RCTs have demonstrated that sunscreen use reduces the occurrence of both AKs and SCCs [ 54 – 56 ]. The preventative action of sunscreens will likely be further increased by new filters with better photo-stability and water resistance [ 57 ] and will be able to shield not only UVB but also UVA and blue light, which have demonstrated mutagenic activity on keratinocytes [ 57 , 58 ].…”