Blue Light Overrides Repression of Asexual Sporulation by Mating Type Genes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kertesz-Chaloupková, K.; Walser, Piers J.; Granado, José; Aebi, Markus; Kües, Ursula

doi:10.1006/fgbi.1997.1024

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In some plant pathogenic fungi, chlamydospores have been described as long-term survival structures and important propagules as primary inoculum for plant infection (Abou-Gabal and Fagerland, 1981;Couteaudier and Alabouvette, 1990). The environmental signals for chlamydospore formation in fungi may be species specific and include nutrients, osmolarity, light, temperature, and plant stimulants (Barran et al, 1977;Regulez et al, 1980;Kertesz-Chaloupkova et al, 1998;Kü es et al, 1998;Khan et al, 2004). However, the molecular mechanisms of formation and developmental control remain enigmatic (Lin and Heitman, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Sucrose Is a Key Element in the Symbiotic Association between Trichoderma virens and Maize Plants

2009

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Fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma colonize the rhizosphere of many plants, resulting in beneficial effects such as increased resistance to pathogens and greater yield and productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the recognition and association between Trichoderma and their hosts are still largely unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that plant-derived sucrose (Suc) is an important resource provided to Trichoderma cells and is also associated with the control of root colonization. We describe the identification and characterization of an intracellular invertase from Trichoderma virens (TvInv) important for the mechanisms that control the symbiotic association and fungal growth in the presence of Suc. Gene expression studies revealed that the hydrolysis of plant-derived Suc in T. virens is necessary for the up-regulation of Sm1, the Trichodermasecreted elicitor that systemically activates the defense mechanisms in leaves. We determined that as a result of colonization of maize (Zea mays) roots by T. virens, photosynthetic rate increases in leaves and the functional expression of tvinv is crucial for such effect. In agreement, the steady-state levels of mRNA for Rubisco small subunit and the oxygen-evolving enhancer 3-1 were increased in leaves of plants colonized by wild-type T. virens. We conclude that during the symbiosis, the sucrolytic activity in the fungal cells affects the sink activity of roots, directing carbon partitioning toward roots and increasing the rate of photosynthesis in leaves. A discussion of the role of Suc in controlling the fungal proliferation on roots and its pivotal role in the coordination of plant-microbe associations is provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Sucrose Is a Key Element in the Symbiotic Association between Trichoderma virens and Maize Plants

2009

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“…Dikaryons among the clones were identified by light inducing oidia production, germinating the spores on YMG/T agar, and analyzing pab-auxotrophy on minimal medium. For oidia induction of dikaryons, mutant 6-031 and other A43mut, B43mut strains, dark-grown cultures were exposed to light for 2 days (Kertesz-Chaloupková et al 1998) and the number of oidia per plate was determined by a spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Essential Gene for Fruiting Body Initiation in the Basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea Is Homologous to Bacterial Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Genes

et al. 2006

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The self-compatible Coprinopsis cinerea homokaryon AmutBmut produces fruiting bodies without prior mating to another strain. Early stages of fruiting body development include the dark-dependent formation of primary hyphal knots and their light-induced transition to the more compact secondary hyphal knots. The AmutBmut UV mutant 6-031 forms primary hyphal knots, but development arrests at the transition state by a recessive defect in the cfs1 gene, isolated from a cosmid library by mutant complementation. A normal primordia phenotype was achieved when cfs11 was embedded at both sides in at least 4.0 kb of native flanking DNA. Truncations of the flanking DNA lead to reduction in transformation frequencies and faults in primordia tissue formation, suggesting that the gene is also acting at later stages of development. The cfs1 gene encodes a protein highly similar to cyclopropane fatty acid synthases, a class of enzymes shown in prokaryotes and recently in a plant to convert membrane-bound unsaturated fatty acids into cyclopropane fatty acids. In C. cinerea 6-031, the mutant cfs1 allele carries a T-to-G transversion, leading to an amino acid substitution (Y441D) in a domain suggested to be involved in the catalytic function of the protein and/or membrane interaction.

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“…These spores are rod shaped, and because of this shape, they are called oidia (26,47). Until recently, dikaryons were believed not to form these mitotic spores (48,70,234), but their production has been observed after light induction (232,452) (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Oidiophores and Oidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Likewise, formation of oidia on Amut and Amut Bmut homokaryons is under light control, whereas Bmut homokaryons and common A heterokaryons behave like monokaryons and constitutively produce numerous oidia (232,385,452). Common B heterokaryons are also reported to produce abundant oidia in the light (459); due to the presence of different A mating-type genes within these strains, repression of oidiation in the dark is expected (232, 261) (see below) but was not tested.…”

Section: Oidiophores and Oidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

435

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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Blue Light Overrides Repression of Asexual Sporulation by Mating Type Genes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Cited by 61 publications

References 55 publications

Plant-Derived Sucrose Is a Key Element in the Symbiotic Association between Trichoderma virens and Maize Plants

Plant-Derived Sucrose Is a Key Element in the Symbiotic Association between Trichoderma virens and Maize Plants

An Essential Gene for Fruiting Body Initiation in the Basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea Is Homologous to Bacterial Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Genes

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

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