“…The spectra also exhibit three main phonon modes, B1g, Eg, and Ag, which appear at 140, 433, and 617 cm -1 , respectively. This result confirms the presence of a rutile phase TiO 2 [26,27]. The B2g mode of rutile TiO 2 centered at 822 cm -1 appears clearly after annealing at 800°C, which shows that the rutile phase becomes gradually the dominant phase starting at 800°C, indicating that the anatase-rutile transition temperature should be less than 800°C.…”