Blueberry Anthocyanins Extract Attenuates Acrylamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Rats

Abstract

Acrylamide (AA) is a widespread environmental and dietary-derived neurotoxin, which can induce oxidative stress and associated inflammation in the brain. Anthocyanins widely occur as natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Herein, the protective effects of blueberry anthocyanins extract (BAE) against AA-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in rats. The rats were pretreated with BAE (175 mg/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage for the first 7 days, followed by the co-administration of BAE and AA (35 mg/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage for the next 12 days. Results showed that BAE significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and increased glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzyme levels; and it also suppressed microglial activation, astrocytic reaction, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions. Furthermore, BAE elevated the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)/cAMP response elements binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, and relieved the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) 1-42 and 1-40 after AA exposure. Consequently, AA-induced neuronal necrosis and downregulation of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) were attenuated by BAE in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In conclusion, BAE can exert a protective function on neurons and synapses against AA-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Protective effect and mechanism ofLycium ruthenicumpolyphenols against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity

“…57 Results from a study in 2022 showed that blueberry anthocyanins extract significantly increased GSH levels and attenuated ACR-induced neuronal necrosis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. 55 Our latest study in 2022 also found that LRP intervention can reduce liver ROS and increase GSH and SOD levels. Besides, LRP could reduce ACR-induced liver injury through effective antioxidant activity.…”

“…It has been reported that oxidative stress may be the leading cause of nerve damage after ACR exposure. 4,[11][12][13]55 One study found that exposure to ACR significantly reduced the levels of GSH and SOD and significantly increased ROS in the brain tissue of rats. 55,56 Some studies have shown that polyphenols have significant antioxidant activity.…”

“…4,[11][12][13]55 One study found that exposure to ACR significantly reduced the levels of GSH and SOD and significantly increased ROS in the brain tissue of rats. 55,56 Some studies have shown that polyphenols have significant antioxidant activity. 23,57 Polyphenols can significantly reduce ROS levels, increase GSH and SOD content, and play a role in neural tissue protection.…”

Protective Effects of Wine Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acrylamide in Rats

“…In summary, the results of recent research given in the literature show that ACR toxicity is due to oxidative stress induced by ROS generation and activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, involved in the generation of the inflammatory response by the release of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β [ 21 , 78 ]. Furthermore, a number of studies have confirmed this hypothesis by the fact that various antioxidant compounds, such as sulforaphane [ 79 ], blueberry anthocyanins [ 80 ], or N-acetylcysteine [ 81 ], have the ability to reverse the toxicity of ACR, by activating the transcription factor Nrf2 and its Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and, consequently, inhibit NF-κB. It is known that several wine polyphenols, such as resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, ellagic acid and ellagitannins, gallic acid and gallotannins, etc., have significant antioxidant activity, exerted by several mechanisms of action, including activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB [ 69 ].…”

Mechanism of action of anthocyanin on the detoxification of foodborne contaminants—A review of recent literature

“…In addition to liver damage, anthocyanins are also proven to ameliorate other AA‐related disorders. Anthocyanin intake, for instance, may alleviate AA‐induced neurotoxicity by acting on neurons and synapses, indicating that BAE reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain (Fang et al., 2022). Cyanidin‐3‐ O ‐glucoside (C3G) was also proven to inhibit AA‐induced cytotoxicity and decrease the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress in MDA‐MB‐231 (human breast cancer cell line) cells, indicating that anthocyanins helped alleviate AA‐induced breast cancer (Song et al., 2013).…”