BlueSeis3A: Full Characterization of a 3C Broadband Rotational Seismometer

Bernauer, Felix; Wassermann, Joachim; Guattari, Frédéric; Frenois, Arnaud; Bigueur, Alexandre; Gaillot, Arnaud; Toldi, Elliot de; Ponceau, Damien; Schreiber, K. U.; Igel, Heiner

doi:10.1785/0220170143

Cited by 79 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…on other planets, Brokešová et al 2012). Excitingly, while noise performance is not at the level of more traditional seismometers, a portable rotational seismometer has been developed (blueSeis, Bernauer et al 2018). Again, this has come from academicindustry partnerships, showing how this model can help to drive innovation.…”

Section: Advances On Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of passive seismic acquisition

Hammond

England

Rawlinson

et al. 2019

Astronomy &Amp; Geophysics

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Section: Advances On Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of passive seismic acquisition

Hammond

England

Rawlinson

et al. 2019

Astronomy &Amp; Geophysics

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“…They were primarily estimated using dense arrays (Huang 2003;Bodin et al 1997;Spudich et al 1995) for a very long time because seismic instruments to measure them were either not reliable enough or sensitive enough in the required frequency bands, thus leading (Aki & Richards 1980, p. 489) to note that seismology still awaits a suitable instrument for such measurements. Nowadays, rotations can be measured using liquid-based motion sensors (Egorov et al 2015;Huang et al 2013), magneto-hydrodynamic sensors (Pierson et al 2016), ring laser gyroscopes (Schreiber et al 2009; Correcting wavefield gradients for the effects of local small-scale heterogeneities 3 Pancha et al 2000;McLeod et al 1998), mechanical sensors (Brokešová & Málek 2013) and more recently, using fiber-optic gyroscopes (Bernauer et al 2018;Lindner et al 2016;Kurzych et al 2014). Similarly, strains can be measured using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) (Willis et al 2016) and Distributed Vibration Sensing (DVS) (Dean et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting wavefield gradients for the effects of local small-scale heterogeneities

Singh

Capdeville

Igel

2019

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary Local small-scale heterogeneities, like geological inhomogeneities, surface topographies and cavities are known to affect seismic wavefield gradients. This effect is in fact measurable with current instruments. For example, the agreement between data and synthetics computed in a tomographic model is often not as good for rotation as it is for displacement. Here, we use the theory of homogenization to explain why small-scale heterogeneities strongly affect wavefield gradients, but not the wavefield itself. We show that at any receiver measuring wavefield gradient, small-scale heterogeneities cause the wavefield gradient to couple with strain through a coupling tensor J. Furthermore, we show that this J is (1) independent of source, (2) independent of time, but (3) only dependent on the receiver location. Consequently, we can invert for J based on an effective model for which synthetics fit displacement data reasonably well. Once inverted, J can be used to correct rotations at that receiver for other sources. Results of the correction are shown for synthetic rotational receivers and for the ring laser located in Wettzell, Germany. We find that compared to synthetics, the synthetics corrected through J are a better fit to the rotation data. Although results here are derived for rotations, they can be extended to receivers measuring any wavefield gradient.

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“…Highly sensitive interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes (I-FOG) are developed mainly for applications in navigation and platform control, with a sensitivity in the order of 10 −8 ∼ 10 −9 rad/s/ √ Hz. Such rotational sensors with low self-noise are also suitable for applications in geosciences [15][16][17].The measurement principle of RLGs is based on the Sagnac effect: the counter propagating beams in a ring cavity will see a different round trip time if the ring cavity is rotating in the optical plane. This effect was first described by Sagnac in 1913 [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale passive laser gyroscope for earth rotation sensing

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Opt. Lett.

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Earth rotation sensing has many applications in different disciplines, such as for the monitoring of ground motions, the establishment of UT1 and the test of the relativistic Lense-Thirring effect on the ground. We report the development of a 1 m × 1 m heterolithic passive resonant gyroscope (PRG). By locking a pair of laser beams to adjacent modes of the square ring cavity in the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, we achieve a rotation resolution of about 2 × 10 −9 rad/s at an integration time of 1000 s. The sensitivity of the PRG for rotations reaches a level of 2 × 10 −9 rad/s/ √ Hz in the 5-100 Hz region, currently limited by the detection noise, residual amplitude modulation and the mechanical instability of the cavity. Our initial results improve the reported rotation sensitivity of the PRGs and indicate that PRGs have a great potential for highresolution Earth rotation sensing.Many large scale ring laser gyroscopes (RLG) have been built over the last three decades with extremely high sensitivity and stability [1]. These large ring lasers along with the developed fiber optic gyros have found applications in different fields like geodesy [1], seismology [1][2][3][4] and fundamental physics tests [5][6][7]. The monolithic G-ring experimentally resolves a rotation rate of 3.5 × 10 −13 rad/s over 1000 s and detects the Chandler and the annual wobble of the Earth [8,9]. The successful operation of two really large heterolithic RLGs, namely UG-1 and UG-2 with enclosed areas of 367 m 2 and 834 m 2 , demonstrate the feasibility of constructing giant rotation sensors [10,11]. Laser gyros are also used to improve the seismic isolation system for ground-based gravitationalwave antennas [12,13]. Moreover, an ambitious plan named GINGER has been proposed, focusing on measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect in a terrestrial laboratory [14]. Highly sensitive interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes (I-FOG) are developed mainly for applications in navigation and platform control, with a sensitivity in the order of 10 −8 ∼ 10 −9 rad/s/ √ Hz. Such rotational sensors with low self-noise are also suitable for applications in geosciences [15][16][17].The measurement principle of RLGs is based on the Sagnac effect: the counter propagating beams in a ring cavity will see a different round trip time if the ring cavity is rotating in the optical plane. This effect was first described by Sagnac in 1913 [18]. In 1963, Macek and Davis utilized a ring cavity that contains He-Ne gas to lase at the 1.153 µm line, which demonstrated rotation sensing [19]. This is considered to be the first active RLG. A passive gyro was successfully realized by Ezekiel and Balsamo in 1977 [20], where an external laser is split into two beams and locked to a passive ring cavity in the clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) direction. The rotation rate is determined by measuring the resonance frequency difference of the ring cavity in the opposite directions. A modern PRG, used as a tilt sensor, recently reported a sensitivity of 10 −8 rad/s/...

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BlueSeis3A: Full Characterization of a 3C Broadband Rotational Seismometer

Cited by 79 publications

References 40 publications

The future of passive seismic acquisition

The future of passive seismic acquisition

Correcting wavefield gradients for the effects of local small-scale heterogeneities

Large-scale passive laser gyroscope for earth rotation sensing

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