Bluetongue control strategies

Papadopoulos, O.; Mellor, P. S.; Mertens, Peter

doi:10.1016/b978-012369368-6.50023-x

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Control of BT is attempted using either preventive (prophylactic) or therapeutic strategies (Verwoerd and Erasmus, ; Papadopoulas et al., ; Maclachlan and Mayo, ; Zientara and Sanchez‐Vizcaino, ). Treatment of BT‐affected ruminants is often unrewarding and logistically challenging during outbreaks as it involves only nonspecific supportive and nursing care.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue

More¹,

Bicout²,

Bøtner³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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A specific concept of strain was developed in order to classify the BTV serotypes ever reported in Europe based on their properties of animal health impact: the genotype, morbidity, mortality, speed of spread, period and geographical area of occurrence were considered as classification parameters. According to this methodology the strain groups identified were (i) the BTV strains belonging to serotypes BTV-1-24, (ii) some strains of serotypes BTV-16 and (iii) small ruminant-adapted strains belonging to serotypes BTV-25, -27, -30. Those strain groups were assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7, Article 5 on the eligibility of bluetongue to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to bluetongue. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection, expert judgement at individual and collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. The strain group BTV (1-24) can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL, while the strain group BTV-25-30 and BTV-16 cannot. The strain group BTV-1-24 meets the criteria as in Sections 2 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (b) and (e) of Article 9(1) of the AHL. The animal species that can be considered to be listed for BTV-1-24 according to Article 8(3) are several species of Bovidae, Cervidae and Camelidae as susceptible species; domestic cattle, sheep and red deer as reservoir hosts, midges insect of genus Culicoides spp. as vector species.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue

More¹,

Bicout²,

Bøtner³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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show abstract

“…This hypothesis was later confirmed by the isolation of BTV from field-collected specimens that belong to the Culicoides obsoletus and Culicoides pulicaris groups, which are abundant in Central and Northern Europe (13,20,66), and the successful infections of both groups in the laboratory (14). In light of this evidence, the whole of Europe is currently regarded as "at risk" for the emergence of bluetongue and other arthropod-borne diseases (33,44,58).…”

Section: B Luetongue Virus (Btv) Is An Arbovirus Belonging To the Genusmentioning

confidence: 71%

Drosophila melanogaster as a Model Organism for Bluetongue Virus Replication and Tropism

Shaw

Veronesi

Maurin

et al. 2012

J Virol

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c Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the etiological agent of bluetongue (BT), a hemorrhagic disease of ruminants that can cause high levels of morbidity and mortality. BTV is an arbovirus transmitted between its ruminant hosts by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Recently, Europe has experienced some of the largest BT outbreaks ever recorded, including areas with no known history of the disease, leading to unprecedented economic and animal welfare issues. The current lack of genomic resources and genetic tools for Culicoides restricts any detailed study of the mechanisms involved in the virus-insect interactions. In contrast, the genome of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) has been successfully sequenced, and it is used extensively as a model of molecular pathways due to the existence of powerful genetic technology. In this study, D. melanogaster is investigated as a model for the replication and tropism of BTV. Using reverse genetics, a modified BTV-1 that expresses the fluorescent mCherry protein fused to the viral nonstructural protein NS3 (BTV-1/NS3mCherry) was generated. We demonstrate that BTV-1/NS3mCherry is not only replication competent as it retains many characteristics of the wild-type virus but also replicates efficiently in D. melanogaster after removal of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis by antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, confocal microscopy shows that the tissue tropism of BTV-1/NS3mCherry in D. melanogaster resembles that described previously for BTV in Culicoides. Overall, the data presented in this study demonstrate the feasibility of using D. melanogaster as a genetic model to investigate BTV-insect interactions that cannot be otherwise addressed in vector species.

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“…The massive outbreak was ultimately controlled by animal movement restrictions and intensive vaccination [ 107 ]. Regarding movement restrictions to control vector-borne diseases, however, it has to be considered that they can be logistically challenging and economically devastating [ 109 ], but do not prevent virus-infected midges from spreading over long distances, e.g., by wind movement [ 107 , 110 ].…”

Section: Recent Use Of Vaccines and Potential Vaccination Strategimentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?

Wernike

Beer

2020

Vaccines

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a teratogenic orthobunyavirus that infects predominantly ruminants, emerged in 2011 in Central Europe, spread rapidly throughout the continent, and subsequently established an endemic status with re-circulations to a larger extent every 2 to 3 years. Hence, it represents a constant threat to the continent’s ruminant population when no effective countermeasures are implemented. Here, we discuss potential preventive measures to protect from Schmallenberg disease. Previous experiences with other arboviruses like bluetongue virus have already demonstrated that vaccination of livestock against a vector-transmitted disease can play a major role in reducing or even stopping virus circulation. For SBV, specific inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been developed and marketing authorizations were granted for such preparations. In addition, candidate marker vaccines either as live attenuated, DNA-mediated, subunit or live-vectored preparations have been developed, but none of these DIVA-capable candidate vaccines are currently commercially available. At the moment, the licensed inactivated vaccines are used only to a very limited extent. The high seroprevalence rates induced in years of virus re-occurrence to a larger extent, the wave-like and sometimes hard to predict circulation pattern of SBV, and the expenditures of time and costs for the vaccinations presumably impact on the willingness to vaccinate. However, one should bear in mind that the consequence of seronegative young animals and regular renewed virus circulation might be again more cases of fetal malformation caused by an infection of naïve dams during one of their first gestations. Therefore, an appropriate and cost-effective strategy might be to vaccinate naïve female animals of all affected species before the reproductive age.

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Bluetongue control strategies

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue

Drosophila melanogaster as a Model Organism for Bluetongue Virus Replication and Tropism

Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?

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