Bluetongue virus seropositivity in sheep flocks in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan

Akhtar, Saeed; Djallem, Nakiri; Shad, Gul; Thieme, Olaf

doi:10.1016/s0167-5877(96)01093-8

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similarly a medium to high seroprevalence has been found in cattle (44.8%) sheep (54.1%) and goats (53.3% in different districts of Soudi Arabia [16]; Hafsa et al [17] found medium Seroprevalence of BTV antibodies in cattle (29%), sheep (14%) and goats (21%) in Algeria. Medium seroprevalence was reported by Mohammad and Seyed [18] in sheep (34.93%) in Iran; Aktar et al [19] found 48.8% BTV antibodies in Sheep in Pakistan. Ravishankar et al [20] found low seroprevalence of BTV in sheep (8.3%) and goats (5.3%) in Kerala state, India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Antibody in Ruminants from Grenada

Sharma¹,

Beckford²,

Tiwari³

et al. 2016

OJVM

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The aim of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) among domestic ruminants of Grenada. Sera samples from cattle (133), goat (314) and sheep (481) were tested using competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Of the total of 928 samples tested, the overall BTV seroprevalence was 78.4% (95% confidence interval (CI ± 2.65). The seropositivity of ovine, caprine and bovine was found to be 71.7% (95% CI, 67.67% to 75.73%), 80.2% (95% CI, 75.79% to 84.61%) and 98.5% (95% CI, 96.43% to 100.57%), respectively. There was statistical significance in the seroprevalence of BTV among bovine, caprine and ovine (p < 0.05). It is evident from this study that blue tongue virus is endemic in Grenada.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Antibody in Ruminants from Grenada

Sharma¹,

Beckford²,

Tiwari³

et al. 2016

OJVM

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“…A cross-sectional study in Kazakhstan showed a within-herd seroprevalence in cattle, sheep and goats varying between 0 and 100% [ 10 ]. A cross-sectional study in sheep flocks in Northern Pakistan [ 11 ] indicated 90% of the flocks seropositive. In these seropositive sheep flocks, within-flock seroprevalence ranged from 12 to 100% (median: 47%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep and goats in 2006 and 2007 in the Netherlands

Elbers¹,

Popma²,

Oosterwolde³

et al. 2008

BMC Vet Res

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Background: In August 2006 a major epidemic of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV8) started off in North-West Europe. In the course of 2007 it became evident that BTV8 had survived the winter in North-West Europe, re-emerged and spread exponentially. Recently, the European Union decided to start vaccination against BTV8. In order to improve the understanding of the epidemiological situation, it was necessary to execute a cross-sectional serological study at the end of the BT vector season. Cattle were the target species for cross-sectional serological studies in Europe at the end of 2006 and 2007. However, there was no information on the BTV8-seroprevalence in sheep and goats.

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“…This is the first cross‐sectional study conducted in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Previous serological studies have reported apparent or test prevalence in Pakistan (Adam, Abdalla, Mohamed, & Aradaib, ; Akhtar et al., , ; Oryan, Amrabadi, & Mohagheghzadeh, ); nevertheless, considering the high sensitivity (100%, CI = 99.49%–100%) and specificity (100%, CI = 99.84%–100%) of the cELISA assay as provided by the manufacturer (https://www.id-vet.com/produit/id-screen-bluetongue-competition/) and apparent prevalence, we presented true prevalence of BTV through Rogan–Gladen estimator (Rogan & Gladen, ). Because vaccination for BT is not being practiced in Pakistan, the results presented in this study clearly indicate the presence of either current BTV infection or natural exposure in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The open access and free movement of the disease vector (Culicoides spp., mosquitoes and ticks) present another potential source for transboundary transmission of BTV in the region (Busch et al, 2014;Lam et al, 2011;Saegerman, Berkvens, & Mellor, 2008). Also, there has been a prior serological evidence of BTV infection in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, suggestive of a relationship between BTV seropositivity to abortion risk and distance travelled during transhumant movements (Akhtar, Djallem, Shad, & Thieme, 1997;Akhtar, Howe, Jadoon, & Naqvi, 1995). However, currently in Pakistan, there is an absolute lack of surveillance, routine diagnosis or vaccination for BTV.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in small ruminants in Balochistan province, Pakistan

Sohail

Yaqub

Shafee

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Bluetongue (BT), caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is a vector-borne disease of small ruminants that has the potential to spread across international borders. Despite large populations of susceptible animals and borders with BTV endemic countries, little is known of the disease burden and prevalent serotypes in the province of Balochistan in Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine seroconversion and prevalent serotypes in selected districts of the province using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sera (n = 876) were collected from clinically healthy sheep and goats originating from the districts of Quetta (n = 300), Mastung (n = 201), Killa Saifullah (n = 75) and Kech (n = 300). None of the study herds (n = 97) were seronegative for BTV, and at the individual level, the overall prevalence of BTV seroconversion was 47.26% (n = 414/876, 95% CI = 43.92%-50.63%). A higher percentage of goats (50.87%, 95% CI = 45.99%-55.73%) were seropositive for anti-VP7 immunoglobulins (IgG) than sheep (44.21%, 95% CI = 39.81%-48.70%). Odds ratios of seroconversion for goats were associated with breed type (χ = 16.84, p = .01), parity (χ = 23.66, p = .00) and presence of vector (χ = 2.63, p = .10), whereas for sheep, it was associated with breed type (χ = 13.80, p = .01) and parity (χ = 53.40, p = .00). Serotype 8 was the most prevalent (26.82%, 95% CI = 14.75%-43.21%) followed by an equal prevalence of serotypes 2 and 9 (7.31%, 95% CI = 1.91%-21.01%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Balochistan province and the results indicate that there is a necessity to initiate intervention strategies to control BT disease burden not only in this region of Pakistan but also in adjacent areas of the neighbouring countries, Iran and Afghanistan.

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Bluetongue virus seropositivity in sheep flocks in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Antibody in Ruminants from Grenada

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Antibody in Ruminants from Grenada

A cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep and goats in 2006 and 2007 in the Netherlands

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in small ruminants in Balochistan province, Pakistan

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