Blunt and Penetrating Injuries

Preparation of pyrite-arsenopyrite concentrate for gold leaching through the use of polyreagent complexes

“…Одним из главных путей повышения эффективности процесса выщелачивания золота из труднообогатимого сырья является интенсификация процесса вскрытия упорной сульфидной матрицы. В связи с этим требуется новый научный подход к выбору эффективных способов воздействия на упорные минералы золота [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The article focuses on the causes of refractoriness of sulfide ore stock with superdispersed gold inclusions.…”

Physiotherapy management of patients with trunk trauma: A state-of-the-art review

“…The trunk is described as the body without the head and limbs; therefore, the trunk consists of the abdomen, back and thorax (Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 2013 ). Injury to the trunk results from blunt or penetrating trauma (Van Aswegen, Morrow & Van Aswegen 2015 ). Blunt trauma may result in injury to the chest wall, lung parenchyma and pleura, tracheobronchial tree, heart and great vessels of the chest, oesophagus and the diaphragm and/or burst or crush injury to the abdominal organs, but the skin on the chest and abdominal walls stays intact (Van Aswegen, Morrow & Van Aswegen 2015 ).…”

“…Injury to the trunk results from blunt or penetrating trauma (Van Aswegen, Morrow & Van Aswegen 2015 ). Blunt trauma may result in injury to the chest wall, lung parenchyma and pleura, tracheobronchial tree, heart and great vessels of the chest, oesophagus and the diaphragm and/or burst or crush injury to the abdominal organs, but the skin on the chest and abdominal walls stays intact (Van Aswegen, Morrow & Van Aswegen 2015 ). Conversely, penetrating trauma results in penetration of an object through the skin and soft tissue of the thoracic wall into the pleural space and subsequent loss of negative intrapleural pressure from the thoracic cavity.…”

“…Penetrating thoracic injury can be the most lethal of injuries. Penetrating abdominal injuries are not immediately life-threatening unless a major blood vessel is damaged (Van Aswegen, Morrow & Van Aswegen 2015 ). A report from a trauma centre in KwaZulu-Natal province showed that causes of death following thoracic trauma were almost equally spread between blunt and penetrating trauma (55.7% and 44.3%, respectively) (Moodley et al 2014 ).…”

“…Major thoracic trauma is defined as the presence of an open pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, flail chest injury and/or pulmonary contusion (Ludwig & Koryllos 2017 ). Other injuries associated with thoracic trauma include spinal cord injury, splenic and hepatic injury in the presence of rib fractures, brachial plexus injury (associated with fractures of ribs 1–3), injury of the sub-clavian artery and the development of Horner’s syndrome (interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye resulting in a constricted pupil, partial ptosis and hemi-facial sweating) (Bulger et al 2000 ; Van Aswegen, Morrow & Van Aswegen 2015 ). Those at increased risk of developing complications following major thoracic trauma have three or more rib fractures, are 65 years or older, used anticoagulant therapy pre-injury, have previously diagnosed chronic respiratory disease or cardiovascular disease, and/or have arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90% on casualty department admission (Battle et al 2013 ).…”