BMAA, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroprotection

Cox, Paul Alan

doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00303-z

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Inhalation as a systemic delivery route has been demonstrated for microcystins in nasal swabs and blood samples from people at risk of swallowing water or inhaling spray while swimming, water skiing, jet skiing, or boating during algal blooms [150]. In 2009, a causative link was hypothesized between the inhalation of L-BMAA, present in soil crusts dominated by cyanobacteria and detected in desert dust, and the higher incidence of ALS observed in the Gulf war veterans younger than 45 years old [151], but experiments in rat models observed significant biochemical responses to L-BMAA only at extremely high (non-physiological) concentrations [152].…”

Section: Role Of L-bmaa In Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons

Sini

Dang

Fais

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease (ND) is increasing, partly owing to extensions in lifespan, with a larger percentage of members living to an older age, but the ND aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, and effective treatments are still lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are generally thought to progress as a consequence of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Up to now, several environmental triggers have been associated with NDs, and recent studies suggest that some cyanotoxins, produced by cyanobacteria and acting through a variety of molecular mechanisms, are highly neurotoxic, although their roles in neuropathy and particularly in NDs are still controversial. In this review, we summarize the most relevant and recent evidence that points at cyanotoxins as environmental triggers in NDs development.

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Section: Role Of L-bmaa In Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons

Sini

Dang

Fais

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The process of PD is associated with a distinctive prodrome before the development of main motor symptoms [ 3 ]. The loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, neuroinflammation, and the development of aggregates of protein such as Lewy bodies, α-synuclein riched in various brain locations are all symptoms of PD [ 98 ]. According to genetic studies, familial PD cases are approximately 5%, while roughly 25% of sporadic cases are heritable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: Targeting the role of Vitamin-D

Behl

Kumar

Sehgal

et al. 2021

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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COVID-19 pandemic has a major effect on world health, particularly on individuals suffering from severe diseases or old aged persons. Various case studies revealed that COVID-19 might increase the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Coxsackievirus, dengue virus Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, West Nile virus, and human immunodeficiency virus have all been linked to the development of transient or permanent parkinsonism, owing to the induction of neuroinflammation/hypoxic brain injury with structural/functional damage within the basal ganglia. Coronavirus mainly infects the alveolar cells and may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 invades cells via the ACE2 receptor, which is widely expressed in the central nervous system, where the virus may precipitate or accelerate dementia. SARS-CoV-2 could enter the central nervous system directly by the olfactory/vagus nerves or through the bloodstream. Here, we talked about the importance of this viral infection in terms of the CNS as well as its implications for people with Parkinson's disease; anosmia & olfaction-related impairments in COVID-19 & PD patients. And, also discussed the role of vitamin D to sustain the progression of Parkinson's disease and the COVID-19; regular vitamin D 3 consumption of 2000–5000 IU/day may reduce the risk and severity of COVID-19 in parkinsonian patients.

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“…To date, no toxic mode of action has been irrefutably confirmed for BMAA and its toxicology in not well understood. Although there is scepticism with BMAAs toxicity to humans, the situation is best approached with the precautionary principle 82 86 . BMAA doses which induced toxicity in these model organisms were magnitudes greater than those consumed by Guam natives therefore it was suspected that other chemicals associated with cycads or mixture effects are suggested as a more possible cause of ALS/PDC 87 .…”

Section: Bmaa (β-Methylamino-alanine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) 92 . Currently, few papers on BMAA report method validation, and fewer still provide sufficient details to assess validation 81,82 . Moreover, difficulties still arise without efficient separation of BMAA isomers within complex sample matrices.…”

Section: Bmaa (β-Methylamino-alanine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Metabolomics for the Detection and Evaluation of Cyanopeptide Mixtures in Ontario and Quebec Lakes

McCann¹

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The magnitude and frequency of cyanobacteria harmful algae blooms (cHABs) are increasing on a global scale. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, and climate change are drivers of bloom formation and favour cyanobacterial dominance in most aquatic ecosystems. The release of cyanotoxin mixtures by blooms into aquatic systems pose a risk to public and ecosystem health.The majority of cyanotoxin research has focused on specific groups: microcystins (MCs), cylindrospermopsins (CYNs), BMAA, saxitoxins (STXs) (anatoxins) ATXs. Other bioactive cyanopeptides (CNPs) produced by cHABs have received much less attention. The chemistry, toxicology, and environmental concentrations of the anabaenopeptin (APs), cyanopeptolin (CPs), microginin (MGs), cyanobactin (CBs), aeruginosin (ASs) CNP groups are largely unknown despite having notable biological activities and documented co-occurrence with cyanotoxins. Untargeted, targeted, and semi-targeted mass-spectrometry based metabolomic approaches were applied to study the CNP profiles of fifty-five cyanobacteria bloom samples collected from fifteen watercourses in Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec. 117 unique cyanopeptides were identified and ninety-four quantitated. MCs and ferintoic acid A (FA A) were quantified with reference materials and other CNPs were determined semi-quantitatively. CPs and APs displayed the greatest diversity in group variants and possessed similar concentrations and occurrence to that of MCs. Based on environmental concentrations and ubiquity of the CP and AP groups, they are recommended for prioritization in future toxicological and environmental research. Additionally, the apparent rise in cHABs, has drawn attention from paleolimnological researchers. Historical records of cHABs are limited, and proxies of cyanobacteria occurrence are typically restricted to pigments and DNA -both of which are sensitive to environmental degradation. However, MCs produced by freshwater cyanobacteria are stable cyclic hexapeptides. MCs in lake sediment archives can provide context to both the occurrence and toxicity of historical cHABs. To evaluate the use of MCs as a paleolimnological proxy, an MC extraction and quantitation method was iii developed and validated for four MC congeners (MR RR, MC LR, [Dha 7 ]MC LR, MC LA) in lake sediments. The method was applied to sediment cores collected from the Rideau Canal system.The MC method was combined with multiple proxies of Itrax-XRF, chlorophyll-a analyses and radioscopic dating methods to develop a chronology of historical lake conditions. The multi-proxy approach provided a clear indication of increasing biological productivity towards the surface of both cores. The apparent trend of productivity appears to be a result of climate warming and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. I would like to extend my upmost gratitude and thanks to my supervisor, David McMullin, for the continued guidance and support, and providing the opportunity to develop and expand my chemistry skillset with natural products and cyanobacteria metabolites. ...

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BMAA, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroprotection

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons

Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons

Linking COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: Targeting the role of Vitamin-D

Application of Metabolomics for the Detection and Evaluation of Cyanopeptide Mixtures in Ontario and Quebec Lakes

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