BMC Biomedical Engineering: a home for all biomedical engineering research

Houssein, Alexandros; Lefor, Alan Kawarai; Veloso, Antonio; Yang, Zhi; Ye, Jong Chul; Zeugolis, Dimitrios I.; Lee, Sang Yup

doi:10.1186/s42490-019-0004-1

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast, 3D cell culture not only mimics the 3D structure of the bone tissue but can also positively influence osteogenic differentiation of MSCs whilst simultaneously reducing their cellular senescence [ 34 ]. MSCs of different tissue origin have been successfully cultivated in a multitude of different solid 3D scaffolds and hydrogels including calcium phosphate ceramic [ 35 ], apatite-wollastonite [ 36 ], poly(ε-caprolactone) [ 37 ], alginate [ 38 ] collagen [ 39 ], Matrigel [ 40 ], bacteria-derived cellulose [ 41 ], and methylcellulose [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in 3D Nanofibrillar Cellulose Increases Their Osteogenic Potential

et al. 2020

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Due to the ageing population, there is a steadily increasing incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. As conventional pharmacological therapy options for osteoporosis are often associated with severe side effects, bone grafts are still considered the clinical gold standard. However, the availability of viable, autologous bone grafts is limited making alternative cell-based strategies a promising therapeutic alternative. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a readily available population of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) that can be isolated within minimally invasive surgery. This ease of availability and their ability to undergo osteogenic differentiation makes ASCs promising candidates for cell-based therapies for bone fractures. Recent studies have suggested that both exposure to electrical fields and cultivation in 3D can positively affect osteogenic potential of MSCs. To elucidate the osteoinductive potential of a combination of these biophysical cues on ASCs, cells were embedded within anionic nanofibrillar cellulose (aNFC) hydrogels and exposed to electrical stimulation (ES) for up to 21 days. ES was applied to ASCs in 2D and 3D at a voltage of 0.1 V/cm with a duration of 0.04 ms, and a frequency of 10 Hz for 30 min per day. Exposure of ASCs to ES in 3D resulted in high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and in an increased mineralisation evidenced by Alizarin Red S staining. Moreover, ES in 3D aNFC led to an increased expression of the osteogenic markers osteopontin and osteocalcin and a rearrangement and alignment of the actin cytoskeleton. Taken together, our data suggest that a combination of ES with 3D cell culture can increase the osteogenic potential of ASCs. Thus, exposure of ASCs to these biophysical cues might improve the clinical outcomes of regenerative therapies in treatment of osteoporotic fractures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in 3D Nanofibrillar Cellulose Increases Their Osteogenic Potential

et al. 2020

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“…We calculated tendon length changes from GM muscle fascicle and MTU length changes taking the ankle and knee joint angles into account 44 . This assumes that the aponeurosis is of equal stiffness as the free tendon, and does not contribute to the storage and return of elastic energy, which may not be true 45 , 46 , and could change with the level of muscle activation 47 . Thus, we have likely underestimated the total amount of energy return by the AT (and aponeurosis), particularly in instances where AT force was high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the midsole bending stiffness of shoes alters gastrocnemius medialis muscle function during running

Čigoja

Fletcher

Esposito

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In recent years, increasing the midsole bending stiffness (MBS) of running shoes by embedding carbon fibre plates in the midsole resulted in many world records set during long-distance running competitions. Although several theories were introduced to unravel the mechanisms behind these performance benefits, no definitive explanation was provided so far. This study aimed to investigate how the function of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle and Achilles tendon is altered when running in shoes with increased MBS. Here, we provide the first direct evidence that the amount and velocity of GM muscle fascicle shortening is reduced when running with increased MBS. Compared to control, running in the stiffest condition at 90% of speed at lactate threshold resulted in less muscle fascicle shortening (p = 0.006, d = 0.87), slower average shortening velocity (p = 0.002, d = 0.93) and greater estimated Achilles tendon energy return (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.96), without a significant change in GM fascicle work (p = 0.335, d = 0.40) or GM energy cost (p = 0.569, d = 0.30). The findings of this study suggest that running in stiff shoes allows the ankle plantarflexor muscle–tendon unit to continue to operate on a more favourable position of the muscle’s force–length–velocity relationship by lowering muscle shortening velocity and increasing tendon energy return.

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“…There is no significant loss of visual quality when applying spiral sampling to 4D Flow MRI in the aorta, despite the major reduction in scan time it provides, according to the included studies [ 10 , 22 ]. Compressed sensing has been stated to have no significant effect on visual quality when not overused; however, it does increase computational complexity, thereby potentially increasing the reconstruction time of the acquired image data [ 35 ]. The two included studies which combined spiral sampling and compressed sensing demonstrated that 4D Flow MRI with spiral sampling and compressed sensing can be applied in the abdominal veins, with greatly reduced scan time compared to radial sampling with or without k-t GRAPPA and cartesian sampling, and still maintain a good vascular conspicuity and strong agreement of the acquired quantitative parameters with those from established techniques [ 10 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Dimensional Flow MRI of Abdominal Veins: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the use of Four-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of vector blood flow (4D Flow MRI) in the abdominal veins. This study was composed according to the PRISMA guidelines 2009. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The initial search yielded 781 studies and 21 studies were included. All studies successfully applied 4D Flow MRI in abdominal veins. Four-Dimensional Flow MRI was capable of discerning between healthy subjects and patients with cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension. The visual quality and inter-observer agreement of 4D Flow MRI were rated as excellent and good to excellent, respectively, and the studies utilized several different MRI data sampling strategies. By applying spiral sampling with compressed sensing to 4D Flow MRI, the blood flow of several abdominal veins could be imaged simultaneously in 18–25 s, without a significant loss of visual quality. Four-Dimensional Flow MRI might be a useful alternative to Doppler sonography for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Further clinical studies need to establish consensus regarding MRI sampling strategies in patients and healthy subjects.

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BMC Biomedical Engineering: a home for all biomedical engineering research

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Electrical Stimulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in 3D Nanofibrillar Cellulose Increases Their Osteogenic Potential

Electrical Stimulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in 3D Nanofibrillar Cellulose Increases Their Osteogenic Potential

Increasing the midsole bending stiffness of shoes alters gastrocnemius medialis muscle function during running

Four-Dimensional Flow MRI of Abdominal Veins: A Systematic Review

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