BMI is a poor predictor of adiposity in young overweight and obese children

Vanderwall, Cassandra; Clark, Rachel; Eickhoff, Jens; Carrel, Aaron L.

doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0891-z

Cited by 164 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…7 Recent analyses suggest that BMI SD scores ( z scores) poorly reflect adiposity among children and adolescents with severe obesity. 8–10 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend using a relative BMI measure to describe youth with severe obesity. 11 A new classification system recognizes BMI ≥95th percentile as class I obesity, BMI ≥120% of the 95th percentile as class II obesity, and BMI ≥140% of the 95th percentile as class III obesity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

et al. 2018

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OBJECTIVES: To provide updated prevalence data on obesity trends among US children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years from a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We used the NHANES for years 1999 to 2016. Weight status was determined by using measured height and weight from the physical examination component of the NHANES to calculate age- and sex-specific BMI. We report the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity (class I, class II, and class III) by 2-year NHANES cycles and compared cycles by using adjusted Wald tests and linear trends by using ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: White and Asian American children have significantly lower rates of obesity than African American children, Hispanic children, or children of other races. We report a positive linear trend for all definitions of overweight and obesity among children 2–19 years old, most prominently among adolescents. Children aged 2 to 5 years showed a sharp increase in obesity prevalence from 2015 to 2016 compared with the previous cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous reports that obesity in children and adolescents has remained stable or decreased in recent years, we found no evidence of a decline in obesity prevalence at any age. In contrast, we report a significant increase in severe obesity among children aged 2 to 5 years since the 2013–2014 cycle, a trend that continued upward for many subgroups.

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

et al. 2018

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“…According to BMI categorization, the prevalence of OW in children was 14 Table 2, stratified by age and sex groups. Female adolescents showed significantly more adiposity in all measurements; female children only showed increased gynoid fat, fat percentage, and FMI when compared to male children.…”

Section: Measurements Of Adipositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its simplicity, BMI has become the standard tool to diagnose OW/OB, and it has shown a good correlation with adiposity in epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, at the individual level, BMI may misclassify subjects at risk [13,14] especially in populations were reference values are not reported, as in the case of Mexican children and adolescents [13]. Having a more direct measurement of adiposity may provide more reliable data to identify relationships between OL habits and their impact on health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesogenic Lifestyle and Its Influence on Adiposity in Children and Adolescents, Evidence from Mexico

et al. 2020

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Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) during childhood/adolescence are major public health problems in Mexico. Several obesogenic lifestyle (OL) risk factors have been identified, but the burden and consequences of them in Mexican children/adolescents remain unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of OL components and describe their relationships with adiposity, and OW/OB. A population-based cross-sectional study of Mexican children/adolescents with nutritional assessment, data collection on daily habits and adiposity as fat-mass index (FMI) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. Individual OL-components: "inactivity," "excessive screen time," "insufficient sleep," "unhealthy-diet", were defined according to non-adherence to previously published healthy recommendations. Results: 1449 subjects were assessed between March 2015 to April 2018. Sixteen percent of subjects had all four OL-components, 40% had three, 35% had two, 9% had one, and 0.5% had none. A cumulative OL score showed a significant dose-response effect with FMI. The combination of inactivity, excessive screen time, and insufficient sleep showed the highest risk association to OW/OB and higher values of FMI. Conclusions: The prevalence of OL-components was extremely high and associated with increased adiposity and OW/OB. Several interventions are needed to revert this major public health threat.

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“…Th e data of the present study are representative of the sum of three skinfolds and the percentage of BF in preschool children population in Latvia, and can be further used in determining future risks. Calculating the percentage of BF from SF measurements is useful in practice, because the standard BMI is a weak predictor of the percentage of BF [23]. Th e SF measurements and the Slaughter formula are not suitable for primary practices due to complicity, however, it may be used in advanced examination or further scientifi c research in the Latvian population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of waist to hip ratio in the determination of the body composition in preschool children in Latvian population

Skruze

Kažoka

2017

PoA

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2008, the waist to hip ratio (WHR) has been suggested superior to the body mass index (BMI) in predicting the cardiovascular disease risk in adults and adolescents. There have been studies about the WHR in preschool children in the populations of Pakistan, Chile and Mexico; and it is not the WHO which recommended it as a routine method in preschool children.The present study includes 85 children (41 girls and 44 boys), aged 5 to 7 years, without any chronic conditions. Body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold and subscapular skinfold were measured. The WHR, the BMI, the sum of three skinfolds and the percentage of body fat (%BF) were calculated.It was found that the WHR decreased with age in girls; there were no specific changes found in the WHR with age in boys. The present study found no correlation in boys or girls between the WHR and the BMI; the WHR and the sum of three skinfolds; the WHR and the percentage of BF. There was also no correlation between the Z-scores of the BMI and Z-scores of the WHR.Conclusions. The WHR is a questionable body composition marker in preschool children in the Latvian population and must be evaluated separately from other body composition markers.

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BMI is a poor predictor of adiposity in young overweight and obese children

Cited by 164 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

Obesogenic Lifestyle and Its Influence on Adiposity in Children and Adolescents, Evidence from Mexico

Use of waist to hip ratio in the determination of the body composition in preschool children in Latvian population

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