“…The board's diverse skills fortify their ability to navigate external uncertainties, significantly influencing organizational outcomes (Dobija et al, 2023; Haynes and Hillman, 2010). Resource dependency theory suggests controlling resources is paramount for organizational success, advocating for resource‐rich boards to enhance firm value (Kabir et al, 2023). Empirical studies validate board characteristics—like independence (Kabir et al, 2023), competence (Dobija et al, 2023; Hillman et al, 2000), diversity (Khan et al, 2022), and expertise (Fayyaz et al, 2023)—as influential on financial performance.…”