Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight or obese people post COVID-19: A comparative study

Lemos, Maurício Medeiros; Cavalini, Gustavo Rocha; Henrique, Carlos Renato Pugliese; Perli, Victor Augusto Santos; Marchiori, Glória de Moraes; Marchiori, Luciana Lozza de Moraes; Sordi, Ana Flávia; Moraes, Solange Marta Franzói de; Ramos, Solange de Paula; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Mota, Jorge; Branco, Bráulio Henrique Magnani

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.949351

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Lower CRF as a consequence of severe symptoms among middle- to older aged group may be explained that progressive deterioration of protective immune response is accompanied with increasing age, resulting in susceptibility to infection and experiencing more tissue-damaging inflammation ( 42 ). Obesity and physical activity status have additionally been proposed as factors for worsening symptoms ( 21 , 43 ). Among included studies, COVID-19 survivors with advancing age and more severe symptoms were obese ( 23 , 29 , 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis

Chuatrakoon,

Konghakote,

Sa-nguanmoo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDespite surviving Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its long-term impact is of concern. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality, and likely affected by multisystem impairments following COVID-19 infection. Accumulating evidence has identified the impact of COVID-19 on cardiorespiratory fitness level. However, the findings have been controversial. Conclusive evidence is still needed.ObjectivesThis review aimed to systematically summarize and synthesize whether the SARS-CoV-2 infection diminishes cardiorespiratory fitness in COVID-19 survivors.DesignThe study design was a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA search was carried out using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library, together with reference lists (searching from their inception to January 2023). Observational studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on outcomes relevant to cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., peak oxygen uptake) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify a pooled effect estimate. Use of a random effects model was considered as the main method. Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was employed to determine the certainty of evidence. This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023393108).ResultsSeven eligible studies (4 cross-sectional, 2 cohort, and 1 case–control studies) involving 4,773 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A pooled effect estimates showed that patients in the surviving COVID-19 group had a significant reduction in peak oxygen uptake when compared to their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group (WMD −6.70, 95%CI −9.34 to −4.06, low certainty). A subgroup analysis by age found that COVID-19 survivors in the young- to middle-aged and middle- to older-aged subgroups had significant reductions in peak oxygen uptake when compared to their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group (WMD −5.31, 95%CI −7.69 to −2.94, low certainty; WMD −15.63, 95%CI −28.50 to −2.75, very low certainty, respectively). Subgroup analyses by symptom found that patients with moderate to severe symptoms in the surviving COVID-19 group had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake than their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group (WMD −15.63, 95%CI −28.50 to −2.75, very low certainty).ConclusionThe current meta-analysis concluded that patients in the COVID-19 survivors had poorer cardiorespiratory fitness than their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group, but there is considerable uncertainty of evidence. Poorer cardiorespiratory fitness is likely to be more pronounced in COVID-19 survivors who are getting older and had severe symptoms, but it is uncertain whether such finding has a valuable in clinical context.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023393108.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent evidence synthesis has documented that severe symptoms were associated with advancing age ( 20 ). In addition, a very recent study has revealed that the more worsening symptoms, the lower CRF level ( 21 ). As the evidence suggests, it is likely that older age is a driving factor in further reducing CRF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis

Chuatrakoon,

Konghakote,

Sa-nguanmoo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Patients were recruited via referral from the hospital institution after medical discharge. Data for this broad research project 9 were collected between August and December 2021, performing clinical assessments (blood pressure measurement, blood glucose, oxygen saturation, physical assessment with anthropometry, body composition with electrical bioimpedance, and cardiorespiratory stress test) and applying a standardized questionnaire with 90 open-ended and closed-ended questions, including data on medical history, pre-existing diseases, need for hospitalization, time and type of hospital stay, anosmia, and ageusia (with questions about the presence of symptoms during and/or after COVID-19 and duration of symptoms after hospital discharge).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia and ageusia in people after COVID-19: an analysis between the type and length of hospital stay

et al. 2022

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Purpose: to analyze the type and length of hospital stay in people who reported anosmia and ageusia after COVID-19. Methods: a cross-sectional study with patients who were referred by the hospital after medical discharge. They answered a standardized in-person questionnaire on age, sex, anthropometry, need for hospitalization, anosmia, and ageusia. Nonparametric statistics were calculated to analyze the data. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the groups. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: the responses of 201 participants with a mean age of 44.7 ± 12.7 years were analyzed, 52.2% (n = 105) were males, 67.7% had been hospitalized (n = 136), 60.2% (n = 121) reported ageusia, and 55.7% (n = 112) reported anosmia. There was a difference in days spent in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for the Ageusia group (p = 0.004), which had a shorter length of stay. As for those who reported anosmia, there was a difference and shorter length of stay for both the ward (p = 0.001) and ICU (p = 0.004). Categorical data showed that anosmia was associated with hospitalization (yes or no) (p = 0.018; phi = -0.167). Among those who were not hospitalized, 67% (n = 44) reported anosmia. Conclusion: those who reported anosmia and ageusia had shorter hospital stays, when necessary.

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“…In this sense, people with obesity hospitalized for COVID-19 tend to lose a large proportion of lean mass due to physical inactivity and hospital nutritional therapy, as well as low-grade inflammation [ 18 ]. In addition, there is also a reduction in cardiorespiratory capacity in people with obesity hospitalized for COVID-19 [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Considering the above, this systematic review aimed to analyze the available studies that identified overweight and/or obesity as a risk factor for mortality, the use of respiratory support, and changes in biomarkers in adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Complications and Mortality in Individuals with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

de Paula Silva-Lalucci,

Marques,

Valdés-Badilla

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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This systematic review aimed to analyze the available studies that identified overweight and/or obesity as a risk factor for mortality, use of respiratory support, and changes in biochemical markers in adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched using PRISMA guidelines until January 2024. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (code: CRD42024501551). Of the 473 articles, only 8 met the inclusion criteria (e.g., adult individuals aged 18 or over diagnosed with COVID-19 individuals with overweight and/or obesity). In addition, the Downs and Black tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. The studies analyzed totaled 9782 adults hospitalized for COVID-19, indicating that overweight and obesity are present in more than half of adults. Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension are more prevalent in adults with obesity. The systematic review also highlighted that a higher incidence of respiratory support is related to a higher incidence of hospitalization in intensive care units and that adults with overweight and obesity have a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Biochemical markers such as procalcitinin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 are associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection. This systematic review exposed overweight and/or obesity as a risk factor for worse COVID-19 disease, as well as for the need for intensive care, respiratory support, mortality, and changes in essential blood markers.

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Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight or obese people post COVID-19: A comparative study

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis

Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis

Anosmia and ageusia in people after COVID-19: an analysis between the type and length of hospital stay

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Complications and Mortality in Individuals with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

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