Body Composition and Reserves of Energy of Microtus pinetorum from Southwest Virginia

Lochmiller, Robert L.; Whelan, James B.; Kirkpatrick, Roy L.

doi:10.2307/2425220

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…4). Meadow voles are larger and heavier than pine voles, weighing about 45-55 g versus 30-35 g, respectively, at 90 days of age (Dieterich & Preston, 1977;Lochmiller, Whelan, & Kirkpatrick, 1983). In the present study, HC treatment again produced divergent effects in these two species.…”

Section: Swim Testingsupporting

confidence: 43%

Divergent effects of early hydrocortisone treatment on behavioral and brain development in meadow and pine voles

Prohazka

Novak

Meyer

1986

Developmental Psychobiology

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Developmental effects of a single hydrocortisone (HC) injection (80 micrograms/g on day 2 postnatal) were compared in two closely related species, meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine voles (M. pinetorum). Effects of hormone administration were assessed in terms of the development of swimming behavior (head/nose position and front paw movement), alterations in social interactions (spatial location with respect to a stimulus animal), and by changes in somatic and brain growth. Although adult patterns of swimming behavior were found to be quantitatively different in meadow and pine voles, normal maturation in both species involved a progressive elevation of head/nose position along with a gradual inhibition of front paw movement. Compared with saline controls, HC-treated meadow voles showed an accelerated attainment of their adult pattern, whereas hormone-treated pine voles displayed a retardation in their swimming development. HC administration similarly led to increased body weights in developing meadow voles but decreased body weights in young pine voles. There was a tendency for hormone-treated meadow voles to spend more time near a stimulus animal than their control counterparts, whereas the opposite was observed for pine voles. In both species, the HC group displayed decreased cerebral and cerebellar weights in adulthood, whereas other organs were generally unaffected by hormone administration. Neurochemical analyses revealed no treatment effects or treatment by species interactions with respect to cerebral DNA levels. On the other hand, treated meadow voles but not pine voles showed an elevated concentration of sulfatide, a myelin-related lipid. These results are the first to demonstrate divergent behavioral and neurochemical effects of early glucocorticoid administration in closely related species studied under the same conditions. Furthermore, in accordance with earlier experiments on rats, swimming behavior was shown to be a useful measure for assessing changes in neuromuscular maturation.

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Section: Swim Testingsupporting

confidence: 43%

Divergent effects of early hydrocortisone treatment on behavioral and brain development in meadow and pine voles

Prohazka

Novak

Meyer

1986

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…The percentage of CFa in the wild-caught rats in this study was much less compared with previous studies in purpose-bred rats that reported ranges of 22.1 to 48.0% (Bird and Ho, 1976;Vondruska, 1987;Clum et al, 1996;Bennett et al, 2010) as well as wild hispid cotton rats for which a range of 15.4 to 25.6% CFa was reported (Fleharty et al, 1973). However, the CFa of smaller meadow voles was reportedly less (6.01% DM; Bird et al, 1982) than determined in larger California voles in the present study (9.96% DM) although woodland voles were reportedly greater in CFa, with a range of 14.8 to 21.0% DM, depending on age and season (analyzed with liver and alimentary tract removed; Lochmiller et al, 1983).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Body composition and amino acid concentrations of select birds and mammals consumed by cats in northern and central California

Kremen

Calvert

Larsen

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The diet of the feral domestic cat consists of primarily birds and small mammals, but the nutritional composition is relatively unknown. Because of the increasing popularity of natural diets for cats and other wild captive carnivores, the purpose of this study was to describe the body composition and AA concentrations of select birds and small mammals in northern and central California: wild-caught mice (n = 7), Norway rats (n = 2), roof rats (n = 2), voles (n = 4), moles (n = 2), gophers (n = 3), and birds (n = 4). Body water, crude fat (CFa), CP, ash, and AA composition for each specimen were determined. Results are reported as mean ± SD. All results are reported on a DM basis except body water (as-is basis) and AA (g/16 g N). Combined, carcasses had this mean composition: 67.35 ± 3.19% water, 11.72 ± 6.17% CFa, 62.19 ± 7.28% CP, and 14.83 ± 2.66% ash. Concentrations of Arg, Tau, Cys, and Met were 5.63 ± 0.46, 0.92 ± 0.33, 1.91 ± 0.89, and 1.82 ± 0.19 g/16 g N, respectively. Using NRC physiologic fuel values for CP, CFa, and carbohydrate by difference, the combined average energy content of the carcasses was 3,929 kcal/kg DM, but the fiber content was not determined. With the exception of mice and rats, little historical data exist regarding the body and AA composition of many of the species analyzed in this study. Wild-caught mice and rats were composed of less fat but more ash compared with previously reported data in their purpose-bred counterparts. The CP content of mice in this study was similar to previous reports in purpose-bred mice. The CP content of rats was similar or slightly greater compared with historical findings in purpose-bred rats. The N content of rats and AA concentrations on a per-N basis for both rats and mice were similar to previously published data on purpose-bred rodents. The discrepancies in nutrient composition, especially fat concentration, indicate that using purpose-bred animals to represent the diet of the feral domestic cat may not be valid in many instances. When consumed to meet energy needs, the nutrient content of the species reported in the present study exceed the NRC (2006) recommended allowances (RA) for total fat, CP, and essential AA for felines at all life stages.

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“…If the estimates are correct, voles in this study carried virtually no reserves during the breeding months. Reproductive females had the lowest fat levels, a pattern also found in pine voles (Lochmiller et al 1983) and deer mice (Millar 198 1 ;Millar et al 1990). These data indicate that fat reserves are not an important energy source for females during reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…They would also have relatively more fat reserves in case of an energy shortage. Wintertime peaks in fat content have also been found in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis) by Fleharty et al (1973), field mice (Apodemusflavicollis) by Sawicka-Kapusta (1968), and pine voles (M. pinetorum) by Cengel et al (1978) and Lochmiller et al (1983). In contrast to the results of these studies, Derting and Noakes (1995) reported more fat in summer-caught male meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) than in winter-caught animals, based on visual inspection of dissected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…When there are seasonal trends, fat content tends to be low in summer and high in winter (Anderson and Rauch 1984;Cengel et al 1978;Fehrenbacher and Fleharty 1976;Fleharty et al 1973). Fat levels are also low in reproductive females (Gyug and Millar 1980;Lochmiller et al 1983;Millar et al 1990). Although small rodents in the field are relatively lean, fat levels are much higher in captivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variation in body composition and gut capacity of the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)

Voltura¹

1997

Can. J. Zool.

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Body Composition and Reserves of Energy of Microtus pinetorum from Southwest Virginia

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Divergent effects of early hydrocortisone treatment on behavioral and brain development in meadow and pine voles

Divergent effects of early hydrocortisone treatment on behavioral and brain development in meadow and pine voles

Body composition and amino acid concentrations of select birds and mammals consumed by cats in northern and central California

Seasonal variation in body composition and gut capacity of the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)

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