Body Composition Changes in Preterm Infants Following Hospital Discharge

Ramel, Sara E.; Gray, Heather; Ode, Katie Larson; Younge, Noelle; Georgieff, Michael; Demerath, Ellen W.

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182243aa7

Cited by 90 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It has been found that extremely preterm infants, including those born small for gestational age, show a major deposition of fat mass in early postnatal life so that they show an increased adiposity at term-corrected age (7,14). However, within the first 3-4 mo of corrected age, extremely preterm infants succeed in achieving fat mass values similar to those of full-term infants (9,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal catch-up fat after late preterm birth

et al. 2012

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Background: Late preterm birth accounts for 70% of preterm births. The aim of the study was to investigate the postnatal weight gain and weight gain composition changes in a cohort of late preterm infants. Methods: a total of 49 late preterm infants (mean birth weight 2,496 ± 330 g and gestational age 35.2 ± 0.7 wks) underwent growth and body composition assessment by an air displacement plethysmography system on the fifth day of life, at term, and at 1 and 3 mo of corrected age. The reference group was composed of 40 healthy, full-term, breast-fed infants. results: The late preterm infants showed a Δ fat mass gain between birth and term-corrected age equal to 182%. as compared with full-term infants, at term and 1 mo of corrected age mean weight (3,396 ± 390 vs. 3,074 ± 409 g and 4,521 ± 398 vs. 4,235 ± 673 g, respectively) and percentage of fat mass (16.1 ± 4.6 vs. 8.9 ± 2.9 and 22.6 ± 4.2 vs. 17.4 ± 4.0, respectively) were significantly higher in late preterm infants, whereas no difference among groups was found at 3 mo. conclusion: Rapid postnatal catch-up fat was found in these infants. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this short-term increase in fat mass may modulate the risk of chronic diseases or represent an adaptive mechanism to extrauterine life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal catch-up fat after late preterm birth

et al. 2012

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“…When body composition of former preterm infants at corrected fullterm age is compared with that of full-term infants, fat mass is equivalent or greater and fat-free mass is less in former preterm infants, resulting in higher body fat percentage estimates. 10,50,59 As body composition data for preterm infants become available, relationships between weight-forlength ratios, body composition, and outcomes must be explored.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

BMI Curves for Preterm Infants

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preterm infants experience disproportionate growth failure postnatally and may be large weight for length despite being small weight for age by hospital discharge. The objective of this study was to create and validate intrauterine weight-for-length growth curves using the contemporary, large, racially diverse US birth parameters sample used to create the Olsen weight-, length-, and head-circumference-for-age curves.METHODS: Data from 391 681 US infants (Pediatrix Medical Group) born at 22 to 42 weeks' gestational age (born in 1998-2006) included birth weight, length, and head circumference, estimated gestational age, and gender. Separate subsamples were used to create and validate curves. Established methods were used to determine the weight-for-length ratio that was most highly correlated with weight and uncorrelated with length. Final smoothed percentile curves (3rd to 97th) were created by the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. The validation sample was used to confirm results. RESULTS:The final sample included 254 454 singleton infants (57.2% male) who survived to discharge. BMI was the best overall weight-for-length ratio for both genders and a majority of gestational ages. Gender-specific BMI-for-age curves were created (n = 127 446) and successfully validated (n = 126 988). Mean z scores for the validation sample were ∼0 (∼1 SD).CONCLUSIONS: BMI was different across gender and gestational age. We provide a set of validated reference curves (gender-specific) to track changes in BMI for prematurely born infants cared for in the NICU for use with weight-, length-, and head-circumference-for-age intrauterine growth curves. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Preterm infants experience disproportionate growth failure postnatally and may be large weight for length despite being small weight for age by hospital discharge. There is no routinely used measure to quantify and monitor disproportionate growth in the NICU.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: BMI differs across gender and gestational age. We provide a set of validated reference curves to track changes in BMI for prematurely born infants for use with weight-, length-, and head-circumference-for-age intrauterine growth curves.

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“…In a meta-analysis of eight studies of infants with a mean gestational age of 30.0 wk, the body composition at term-equivalent age exhibited less lean tissue but more similar fat mass (and therefore higher %BF) than infants born at term (34). Ramel et al also investigated the body composition of preterm AGA infants born at 31.5 wk of gestation and term AGA infants at term-equivalent age (35), and observed markedly lower fat-free mass and higher adiposity in preterm infants. In addition, Giannì et al investigated changes in the body composition of late preterm AGA infants at gestational age 35.2 wk in a cohort study from birth (36).…”

Section: Preterm Aga Vs Term Aga Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%