Body Composition Changes in the First 6 Months of Life According to Method of Feeding

Abstract

Because of the limited number of studies available, larger studies are needed to clarify the differences in body composition between exclusively/predominantly breastfed and exclusively formula-fed infants.

Formula‐fed infants have significantly higher fat‐free mass content in their bodies than breastfed babies

“…To our knowledge, a limited number of studies have investigated body composition differences between exclusively or predominantly breastfed and exclusively formula‐fed infants in the first months of life . The aim of the study was to assess body composition changes in healthy term infants, either exclusively breastfed or formula‐fed, from birth to four months of age, according to method of feeding.…”

“…However, it must be taken into consideration that Gale et al (8) included not only exclusively or predominantly breastfed and exclusively formulafed infants, but also infants who receiving a combination of feeding methods. In addition, the meta-analysis by Gale To our knowledge, a limited number of studies have investigated body composition differences between exclusively or predominantly breastfed and exclusively formulafed infants in the first months of life (9). The aim of the study was to assess body composition changes in healthy term infants, either exclusively breastfed or formula-fed, from birth to four months of age, according to method of feeding.…”

Fundamentals, Recent Advances, and Future Challenges in Bioimpedance Devices for Healthcare Applications

“…The clinical usefulness of BIA techniques has been demonstrated in numerous studies: in nephrology [12,155] (identification of dry weight in renal patients, improvement of cardiovascular management, monitoring of fluid transfer during ultrafiltration, estimation of the volume of distribution of urea in the calculation of the Kt/V parameter, or nutritional assessment), in nutrition (chronic malnutrition [156], obesity [157,158], cachexia [159], sarcopenia [160], etc. ), during pregnancy [161] and lactation [162], for the risk assessment of various pathologies [163], as a marker or direct cause of diseases [164], during the process of decision making in a disease, during aging or a rehabilitation process [165], as a complement in the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions related to the cardiovascular system (fluid accumulation after cardiac surgery [155], hyponatremia [166], etc. ), in issues related to the immune system (patients with AIDS, dengue, hemorrhagic fever, and chronic inflammation [167]), in the evaluation of nutritional status in nervous system-related conditions (Alzheimer [155], anorexia nervosa [168], and mental disability [169]), in pediatrics [170], in oncology (evaluation of the patient's condition [155,171], early diagnosis [172], etc.…”

Composição corporal de lactentes pré-termo ao nascimento e na idade corrigida

“…Inicialmente, ocorre um período de perda de peso, que será inversamente proporcional à idade gestacional e o peso ao nascer e diretamente proporcional à restrição nutricional e à duração das intercorrências nessa fase. Essa perda de peso corporal é composta, em sua maior parte, por sólidos e, em menor quantidade, por líquidos (GIANNÌ et al, 2014). Isso pode ser explicado devido ao intenso catabolismo que fornecerá energia para o crescimento e a manutenção das funções vitais à sobrevida do ambiente extrauterino.…”

“…Porém, é necessário atenção neste período, pois a excessiva perda de peso pode ser resultado de nutrição inadequada. O peso mais baixo é detectado entre o 4º e o 7º dia de vida (KLAUS e FANAROFF, 1980;EUSER et al 2008;FUNKQUIST et al, 2010;GIANNÌ et al, 2014 , 1980;EUSER et al, 2008).…”