Body composition influences blood pressure during submaximal graded test in women

Kerhervé, Hugo A.; Harvey, Leonie; Eagles, Alexander Neale; McLellan, Chris; Lovell, Dale I.

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2020.08.008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is postulated that high sympathetic nervous system activity and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system result in sodium and water retention and higher baseline SBP and DBP in obese individuals. [ 17 ] Similar findings were reported by Kerhervé et al ,[ 18 ] who observed that obese individuals had higher SBP, DBP, and MAP in comparison to normal weight ( P = 0.015, P = 0.004, and P = 0.004) and overweight individuals ( P = 0.002, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) at rest and during exercise due to obesity-specific sympathetic nervous system activity dysregulation. Gowdhami et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters on Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Obese versus Nonobese Adults

Gupta,

Garg,

Chawla

et al. 2023

International Journal of Applied &Amp; Basic Medical Research

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Background: Obesity and overweight, irrespective of metabolic status, confer an increased risk of adverse consequences including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The mechanisms underlying altered cardiovascular responses in obese individuals during and after submaximal treadmill exercise are the subjects of great interest to public health. After graded exercise, delayed heart rate recovery (HRR), exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response, and prolongation of QT interval are the powerful predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that may facilitate timely identification of individuals at risk of CVD and help to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment interventions. Aim: To compare the cardiovascular parameters on submaximal treadmill exercise in obese and nonobese adults. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 subjects, 40 obese (cases) and 40 normal-weight individuals (controls), belonging to the age group of 18–60 years. Each participant was subjected to submaximal treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol. Heart rate (HR), systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured preexercise, immediately after exercise, and during passive recovery at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. The Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test, whichever is appropriate, were employed for the comparison of variables between the two study groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean HR immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min postexercise was significantly higher in obese when compared to nonobese participants (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, P = 0.001) despite similar resting HR in both the groups (P = 0.874). Mean SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP were significantly higher in obese in comparison to nonobese subjects in all stages, i.e. before exercise, immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. QT and QTc intervals were also found to be significantly greater in obese than nonobese subjects in all stages (P = 0.001 each). Conclusion: Obese subjects had higher resting BP (SBP, DBP, and MAP), QT/QTc interval, RPP, and increased response to submaximal treadmill exercise activity. Delayed HRR after exercise was also noted in obese subjects which indicates that obese populations are at risk of developing CVDs due to alteration in autonomic functions with sympathetic hyperactivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters on Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Obese versus Nonobese Adults

Gupta,

Garg,

Chawla

et al. 2023

International Journal of Applied &Amp; Basic Medical Research

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“…Furthermore, there is currently little consensus regarding the optimal training intensity specifically in women, despite the specific challenges pregnancy, menopause and contraception impose on cardiovascular health [29]. Despite normal heart rate responses during graded exercise performed at 30-60% of _ VO 2MAX , significantly different blood pressure responses have been reported in obese compared to normal and overweight women [30]. Fat oxidation of independent groups of obese/overweight women has been reported to be lower [31], similar [32][33][34][35] or even greater [36] than lean women during constant work rate cycling at discrete exercise intensities from 50% to 65% of _ VO 2MAX .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar rates of fat oxidation during graded submaximal exercise in women of different body composition

et al. 2020

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Background Moderate intensity exercise ranging 40–60% of maximum oxygen uptake is advised to promote energy expenditure and fat oxidation in overweight and obese people. Although fat oxidation has been shown to be highly variable among individual, there is still a relative uncertainty regarding exercise prescription for women specifically. This article aimed to determine whether indicators of body composition can be used to narrow the exercise intensity range for exercise prescription in women. Methods A total of 35 healthy women (age 30.8±9.5 yr) classified according to their BMI in normal weight (NOR; ≤24.9 kg·m2), overweight (OVW; 25–29.9 kg·m2) and obese groups (OBE; ≥30 kg·m2) completed a submaximal graded test (intensities eliciting ~30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of maximum oxygen uptake). Blood lactate, perceived exertion and absolute and relative substrate oxidation for fat (OXFAT) and carbohydrates (OXCHO) were measured at each stage. Results Perceived exertion and blood lactate increased as a function of exercise but did not differ across groups. There were no significant changes in absolute and relative OXFAT across groups, or as a function of exercise intensity. Peak OXFAT occurred at the 40%, 50% and 40% stages for NOR, OVW and OBE groups, respectively, with no significant differences across groups. Conclusion We measured no differences, but considerable inter-individual variation, in fat oxidation in women of different body composition. This result is in agreement with previous research based on exercise performed at constant rate and in independent participant groups. Our findings do not support the fat oxidation hypothesis, and further emphasise the perspective that exercise prescription should be individualised and likely be based on considerations other than substrate oxidation.

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Exercise testing unmasks exaggerated blood pressure independent of fibrinolytic response in Black but not White postmenopausal females

Marôco,

Szymanski,

Baynard

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Exercise testing unmasks more exaggerated systolic blood pressure responses (SBP) in Black compared to White male adults. Such responses, if translatable to females, may detect racial disparities particularly relevant during menopause. Given the endothelial involvement in BP regulation and as a source of fibrinolytic markers, it follows that fibrinolytic and BP response to exercise could be linked. Thus, we examined BP and fibrinolytic responses to exercise testing in Black and White postmenopausal females. Postmenopausal females (Black= 40; White= 41; 51-70 years) performed maximal treadmill exercise. BP and blood draws were conducted before and immediately after exercise. Plasma samples, using minimal stasis, were analyzed for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity and antigen, respectively. Resting SBP and fibrinolytic potential were similar between races. Black females exhibited greater increases in SBP during exercise (change (d)=75, 95% CI: 64-86mmHg, p<0.001) than White females (d= 60, 95% CI: 48-71mmHg, p<0.001). Black compared to White females had smaller changes in tPA (d= 3.27, 95% CI: 2.28 to 4.27 IU/mL, p<0.001 vs d= 5.55, 95% CI: 4.58 to 6.53, p<0.001) and PAI-1 (d= -2.89, 95% CI: -4.39 to -1.40 IU/mL, p<0.001 vs d=-5.08, 95% CI: -6.59 to -3.61, p<0.001) activities after exercise. SBP exercise-induced changes were not associated with tPA (r=-0.10, p=0.42) or PAI-1 (r=0.13, p=0.30), without any influence of race ( p>0.05). Our findings show that maximal exercise unmasks risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Black postmenopausal females.

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Body composition influences blood pressure during submaximal graded test in women

Abstract: Article type Original research Running head Exercise blood pressure in women Abstract word count 211 w Text-only word count 2762 w Number of tables and figures 3 figures, 1 table Number of references 27 Competing interests None Funding received

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters on Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Obese versus Nonobese Adults

Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters on Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Obese versus Nonobese Adults

Similar rates of fat oxidation during graded submaximal exercise in women of different body composition

Exercise testing unmasks exaggerated blood pressure independent of fibrinolytic response in Black but not White postmenopausal females

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