Body Composition Methods: Comparisons and Interpretation

Duren, Dana L.; Sherwood, Richard J.; Czerwinski, Stefan A.; Lee, Miryoung; Choh, Audrey C.; Siervogel, Roger M.; Chumlea, Wm. Cameron

doi:10.1177/193229680800200623

Cited by 326 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

275

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indirect measure. Research on the body composition of H. sapiens receives considerable attention because it assists in assessing an individual's physical fitness, clinical health, and disease (diabetes, obesity, and amenorrhea), and growth and development (10,34,38,39). Most of this research relies on the application of indirect, noninvasive methods on living subjects, such as anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), computed tomography and MRI scans, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (10,14,34,39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in Pan paniscus compared with Homo sapiens has implications for changes during human evolution

Zihlman

Bolter

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human body has been shaped by natural selection during the past 4-5 million years. Fossils preserve bones and teeth but lack muscle, skin, fat, and organs. To understand the evolution of the human form, information about both soft and hard tissues of our ancestors is needed. Our closest living relatives of the genus Pan provide the best comparative model to those ancestors. Here, we present data on the body composition of 13 bonobos (Pan paniscus) measured during anatomical dissections and compare the data with Homo sapiens. These comparative data suggest that both females and males (i) increased body fat, (ii) decreased relative muscle mass, (iii) redistributed muscle mass to lower limbs, and (iv) decreased relative mass of skin during human evolution. Comparison of soft tissues between Pan and Homo provides new insights into the function and evolution of body composition.body composition | bonobo | Pan paniscus | human evolution | Homo sapiensT he human body has been shaped by natural selection during the past 4-5 million years. The large brain and expanded neurocranium of Homo sapiens (1,100-1,550 cm 3 ) is triple the size of closely related chimpanzees (Pan, 275-420 cm 3 ) and fossil australopithecines (e.g., Australopithecus afarensis AL-444, 550 cm 3 ; Australopithecus africanus Taung, 382 cm 3 ; and Australopithecus sediba MH1, 420 cm 3 ) (1-6). Long lower limbs in humans accommodate habitual bipedality and contrast with the relatively short lower limbs of quadrupedal African apes. These changes in limb proportions can be tracked across millions of years of australopithecine and early Homo remains, (e.g., partial skeletons of Au. afarensis AL-288 "Lucy," Au. africanus STS 14, Homo erectus WT 15000 "Nariokotome Boy") (7-9).Fossils, even relatively complete ones, preserve only bone, one component of body composition and a small proportion of body mass. The remaining muscle, skin, fat, and vital organs that make up the other 85% do not leave a record, although, separately and together, they underpin locomotor activity, energetics, health, and reproduction (10-14). There has been much speculation about their interrelationships. The "expensive tissue hypothesis" attempts to explain the threefold expansion of the human brain (15-18). It argues that because human brain tissue requires a disproportionately high energy supply, its increase during evolution necessitated a compensatory decrease in another component, the gastrointestinal tract (18). Another hypothesis suggests that body fat in australopithecines was as high as the body fat of modern hunter-gatherers (19). Tests of hypotheses about the evolution of body composition require a comparative database, one that includes the major tissues.One way to fill in the missing information is to compare human body composition with the body composition of our closest living relatives, members of the genus Pan (20, 21). Few such comparative data are available on apes (but cf. 22-25). The rarity of apes in captivity, their long lives, and the logistics of obtaining ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in Pan paniscus compared with Homo sapiens has implications for changes during human evolution

Zihlman

Bolter

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The body composition can be measured using lab techniques or field procedures, according to the precision required and the aim established [101,102].…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Assessment as an Anti-Aging Marker: A Narrative Review

Amaro‐Gahete¹,

De-la-O²,

Jurado‐Fasoli³

et al. 2017

J Gerontol Geriatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aging is a natural, physiological, and inevitable process, but it can be also influenced. Although aging is not a disease, it has several characteristics that could indicate so, such as a functional decline at different levels, which may determine clinical manifestations, and it is associated with several disease processes. Consequently, it is essential to create and adopt strategies to delay the aging process. Nowadays, any strategy adopted without including physical exercise seems inconceivable. Recent studies published in relation to this population have shown that the maintenance of acceptable levels of physical fitness is associated with the prevention of many of premature aging consequences, good rates of health, and quality of life of the person. cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength (as physical fitness components) are excellent life expectancy and quality of life predictors. Therefore, reaching a good fitness level is the most powerful clinical method to prevent and delay the aging process. Not only their years to live increase, but also their quality, with health and without diseases or mobility dependence.

show abstract

“…Criterion or direct methods of body composition measurement include densitometry, computed X-ray tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [16]. These methods have high accuracy but need very expensive equipment available only in large clinics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect methods depend on biological interrelationships among direct or criterion measured body components and tissues and their distribution among normal individuals [16]. As a result, indirect methods tend to have larger predictive errors than direct methods and are affected by sample specificity and disease conditions [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscles Hypertrophy and Overweight Distinction Method in Athletes

Pontaga¹

2013

JMSE-B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The aim of the investigation is to prove that an increased body mass index (BMI) in soccer players does not always give evidence about overweight or obesity, but may appear due to skeletal muscles hypertrophy, which does not influence the players' power characteristics. Twenty nine male high qualified soccer players participated voluntary in the investigation. The anthropometrical characteristics and the body mass composition are measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method using the Body Composition Analyzer. Vertical jumps heights are measured on special platform. The significant correlations are determined between the BMI and the lean body mass (LM) (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and between the BMI and the body fat content in % (BF) (r = 0.54, p < 0.003) in the soccer players. This proves that high BMI can be caused by growth of the BF and by skeletal muscles hypertrophy. The vertical jumps height is not possible to predict from the value of the BMI. Additional lean body mass due to skeletal muscles hypertrophy does not influence vertical jumps height. Relationships between the BF and jumps height are significant negative linear (p < 0.013). This means that increase of the BF is a reason of the decrease of vertical jump height in soccer players.

show abstract

Body Composition Methods: Comparisons and Interpretation

Cited by 326 publications

References 43 publications

Body composition in Pan paniscus compared with Homo sapiens has implications for changes during human evolution

Body composition in Pan paniscus compared with Homo sapiens has implications for changes during human evolution

Fitness Assessment as an Anti-Aging Marker: A Narrative Review

Skeletal Muscles Hypertrophy and Overweight Distinction Method in Athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About