Body Composition of Young Athletes

Malina, Robert M.; Geithner, Christina A.

doi:10.1177/1559827610392493

Cited by 81 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The main finding of this study was that the percentage of fat mass was significantly lower in the posttest in SB and SG, and it might be due to the training volume that the pubertal athletes had completed. Those results were consistent with the findings of other authors that observed a lower adiposity and lower percentage of fat mass in young athletes (Strong et al;Malina, 2009;Malina & Geithner;Slater et al). The sport and physical activity are seen as important for long-term benefits in body composition (Janz et al, 2009 Table II.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Currently there are available several methods for the assessment of body composition in adolescent athletes (Claessens et al;Malina et al, 2004;Malina, 2007;Malina & Geithner;Lohman et al;Slater et al), however due to the low time required, low cost and practical aspects, the anthropometry is one of the most used methods for the evaluation of the external morphology of various populations of adolescents, including young athletes (Claessens et al;Malina, 2007;Lohman et al;Slater et al). In young athletes, low levels of fat are generally observed (Malina, 2009;Malina & Geithner, 2011), including lower adiposity measured through skinfolds, lower body mass index (BMI) and lower percentage of fat mass (Strong et al, 2005), influenced by the type of sport practiced (Malina & Geithner; Slater et al). There is a scarcity of studies that evaluate the changes in body composition associated with training in young boy and girl athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Body Composition After 6 Months of Training in Pubertal Swimmers

Ferreira

VencesBrito²,

Mendes

et al. 2015

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:This study assessed the differences in body composition after 6 months of training in pubertal boys and girl swimmers and in pubertal boys and girls without sport practice. The swimming group was composed of 20 pubertal swimmers: 10 boys (SB) (age: 13.5±1.5 years; Tanner stage: 3.6±0.5) and 10 girls (SG) (age: 11.3±0.7 years; Tanner stage: 3.4±0.5), with an average training experience of 4±1.3 and 3±0.5 years, respectively. The control group was composed of 20 pubertal participants without sport practice: 10 boys (CB) (age: 13.6±1.2 years; Tanner stage: 3.5±0.5) and 10 girls (CG) (age: 11.2±0.8 years; Tanner stage: 3.5±0.5). The following anthropometric measurements were carried out in two assessment periods (pre-and post-test): height, weight and skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac). The sum of 4 skinfolds allowed calculating the percentage of fat mass according to sex and maturational status equations. The Pared-Samples T test was used to analyze the differences between the two assessment periods (preand post-test). Between the pre-and post-test, the percentage of fat mass was significantly lower in SB (p= 0.014) and SG (p= 0.016), and significantly higher in CG (p= 0.007). In conclusion, a decrease in the percentage of fat mass was observed in pubertal boys and girls swimmers after 6 months of training compared with the control group, and those results seem to be associated with the swimming training, specifically the high training volume.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Body Composition After 6 Months of Training in Pubertal Swimmers

Ferreira

VencesBrito²,

Mendes

et al. 2015

Int. J. Morphol.

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show abstract

“…The heights and weights of youth athletes in weight category sports such as wrestling and weight lifting are affected by competitive weight categories which obviously influence weight and also height [1][2][3][4][5]. Although mean weights tend to equal or exceed reference medians, the percentage body fat (% Fat) is lower than average in young male athletes with the exception of athletes specializing in track and field throwing events and the heavier weight categories in wrestling [6,7]. In contrast to body size and body composition, the available data for maturity status in male adolescent athletes indicate a trend towards average and advanced status relative to the chronological age in most sports; an exception is gymnastics [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

Malina¹,

Rożek²,

Ignasiak³

et al. 2011

Human Movement

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Purpose. To evaluate the growth and functional characteristics of male athletes 11-15 years of age. basic procedures. The sample included 190 boys, 10.5-15.4 years, undergoing training of sport schools for track and field (136) and other sports (54). Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Track and field athletes were compared by discipline and to athletes in other sports using MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, body size and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, those 11-13 years and 14-15 years. main findings. All variables except the standing long jump and 20 m sprint differed significantly by track and field discipline. Only height and ball throw differed among athletes in other sports. Track and field athletes had a significantly lower BMI and % Fat and performed better in the jump and sprint than athletes in other sports. Variance explained in each of the functional indicators was greater in younger than in older athletes. The sum of skinfolds and % Fat exerted a negative influence on all functional indicators. Conclusions. Trends in body size of male athletes attending sport schools were consistent with observations for youth male athletes in several sports. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group, but the explained variance was higher in younger athletes.

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“…Age-adjusted means for % Fat in sprinters, middle distance runners and jumpers approximated the reference while age-adjusted means for distance runners and general athletics were, respectively, below and above the re fe r ence based on densitometry. NIR estimates of % Fat for athletes in specific track and field disciplines were consistently higher than estimates for other samples of athletes of the same age range and in the same discipli nes based on densitometry, total body water, DEXA or BIA [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

Malina¹,

Ignasiak²,

Rożek³

et al. 2011

Human Movement

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objective. To evaluate the growth, maturity and functional characteristics of female sport school participants 11 -15 years of age. Material and methods. The sample included 200 girls aged from 10.55 to 15.42 years. The majority (173) trained in track and field. Height, weight, three skin folds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Athletes were compared by menarcheal status and track and field discipline with MANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the rela tive contributions of age, height, weight and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, 11 -13 years and 14 -15 years. Results. Median age at menarche was 12.99 ± 1.11 years. None of the functional tests differed between pre-and post-menarcheal athletes 13 years, while only grip strength differed between late and early maturing athletes 14 -15 years. Height, weight and % Fat, but no performance items differed among track and field athletes by discipline. Team and individual sport athletes were heavier, fatter and stronger than track and field athletes but the latter performed better in the sprint and jump. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group. conclusions. Trends in body size of female athletes attending sport schools were gene rally consistent with observations for female athletes in several sports. Percentages of variance explained in functional indicators were greater in athletes 11 -13 than 14 -15 years of age.

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Body Composition of Young Athletes

Cited by 81 publications

References 91 publications

Changes in Body Composition After 6 Months of Training in Pubertal Swimmers

Changes in Body Composition After 6 Months of Training in Pubertal Swimmers

Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

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