Body composition, physical performance and muscle quality of active elderly women

Vilaça, Karla Helena Coelho; Carneiro, José Ailton Oliveira; Ferriolli, Eduardo; Lima, Nereida Kilza da Costa; Paula, Francisco José Albuquerque de; Moriguti, Júlio C.

doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.02.004

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, the peak power output in response to HIT improved significantly among the obese adults (+105 W) in spite of any concomitant improvements in anthropometric variables. Several studies indicate that obese individuals frequently suffer from an increased prevalence of motor limitations,6 which contribute to general sense of fatigue;22 any increases in free-fat mass have been linked to muscle performance improvements 23. Interestingly, the present study demonstrated that metabolic improvement may also be associated with muscle performance increases among obese individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Mechanical efficiency improvement in relation to metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults

Jabbour

Iancu

2015

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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PurposeMechanical efficiency (ME) refers to the ability of an individual to transfer energy consumed by external work. This performance indicator is impaired by obesity and is associated with decreased high-intensity exercise performance. However, it is unclear if ME may be improved in response to high intensity training (HIT). This study aimed to determine if ME increases in response to HIT in obese adults and to identify the factors associated with these changes.Methods24 obese adults (body mass index=∼33 kg/m2) were randomised into control (n=12) and trained (n=12) groups. Following baseline metabolic, anthropometric, fitness and ME measurements, the participants completed a 6-week exercise intervention that included 18 sessions of six repeats of 6 s supramaximal sprints on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. The metabolic, anthropometric and fitness assessments were repeated postintervention. ME (expressed as a %) was calculated during an incremental maximal cycling test at stages of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 W.ResultsME did not differ across the groups at 25 and 50 W. Following HIT, ME increased significantly at 75, 100 and 125 W (p<0.01, respectively) compared with the control group (p<0.01, respectively). Although no changes in fat-free mass were observed following HIT, the increases in ME at 75, 100 and 125 W correlated positively with both homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index decreases (r=0.9; r=0.89 and r=0.88, p<0.01, respectively) and peak power increases (r=0.87, r=0.88 and r=0.9, p<0.01, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough there were no changes in the participants’ anthropometric variables, HIT improved ME in obese adults, an enhancement that appears to be related to increases in muscle strength and metabolic adaptations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Mechanical efficiency improvement in relation to metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults

Jabbour

Iancu

2015

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…Vilaça et al 26 analisaram a composição corporal, desempenho físico e qualidade muscular em idosas e observaram que o aumento da massa muscular detectada nas idosas obesas não foi suficiente para manter a qualidade muscular adequada e a função física, mostrando uma influência negativa do excesso de gordura corporal. Em outro estudo, Stenholm et al 27 Observaram que a obesidade associada com baixa resistência muscular podem potencializar o aumento de riscos de incapacidade e fragilidade em idosos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Comportamento sedentário e massa muscular reduzida em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

et al. 2017

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ResumoThe loss of muscle mass in older adults is negatively associated with health, which makes it necessary to identify modifiable behavioral habits that may aggravate this condition in this population. In this context, the objectives of the present study were to describe the characteristics of older adults according to reduced muscle mass status and verify its association with sedentary behavior. This was a cross-sectional population-based study, conducted in 24 cities in the Regional Healthcare Administration of Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Older adults (≥ 60 years) from both sexes meeting the inclusion criteria answered a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic, health, and habits information. Participants also underwent measurement of anthropometric variables. Sitting time was measured using the validated questions from the IPAQ. The chi-square statistic was used to examine differences between the prevalence of reduced muscle mass and sociodemographic variables, health and habits. Poisson regression was used to analyze the association between reduced muscle mass and exposure to sedentary behavior. Results: 3.223 older adults with mean age of 70 years (SD = 7.26) took part in the study. Of these total, 20.9% (n = 674) presented reduced muscle mass, being statistically different according to age, schooling, marital status, monthly family income, waist circumference, body mass index, smoking and sedentary behavior. According to the adjusted analysis, older adults who spent ≥ 330 minutes/day sitting demonstrated higher likelihood for reduced muscle mass (PR = 1.18; CI95%: 1.04-1.34). Prolonged sitting time is associated with reduced muscle mass in older adults. Keywords:Aged. Nutritional Status. Life Style.A perda da massa muscular em idosos está associada negativamente à saúde, tornando-se necessário a identificação de hábitos comportamentais modificáveis que podem agravar está condição nesta população. Neste sentido, os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever as características dos idosos de acordo com a massa muscular reduzida e verificar a sua associação com o comportamento sedentário. Estudo transversal, realizado em 24 municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Seguindo os critérios de inclusão, os idosos (≥ 60 anos), de ambos os sexos, responderam um questionário estruturado em forma de entrevista com informações sociodemográficas, saúde, hábitos e mensuração de variáveis antropométricas. O tempo sentado foi avaliado conforme as perguntas do IPAQ. Utilizou-se a estatística qui-quadrado para verificar as diferenças encontradas entre as prevalências da massa muscular reduzida e as variáveis sociodemográficas, saúde e hábitos. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para analisar a associação entre a massa muscular reduzida e a exposição ao comportamento sedentário. Foram analisados 3.223 idosos, com média de idade de 70 anos (DP=7,26). Do total de idosos, 20,9% (n=674) apresentaram massa muscular reduzida, sendo estatisticamente diferente de acordo com faixa etária, ...

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“…Obesity is consistently associated with a lower strength-to-mass ratio (muscle quality) in older adults (7,31,32), and a higher muscle lipid content is associated with compromised muscle strength and power (11)(12)(13). The mechanisms by which greater total and intermuscular fat impair muscle function in older adults are not definitively known but could be due to reduced adaptation to increased loading (33), reduced mitochondrial function and capillary density (34)(35)(36)(37), or interference with contractile proteins perhaps secondary to local release and elevated concentrations of fatty acids or cytokines by fat (38)(39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training with and without caloric restriction on physical function and mobility in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Nicklas

Chmelo

Delbono

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

110

124

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Background: Resistance training (RT) improves muscle strength and overall physical function in older adults. RT may be particularly important in the obese elderly who have compromised muscle function. Whether caloric restriction (CR) acts synergistically with RT to enhance function is unknown. Objective: As the primary goal of the Improving Muscle for Functional Independence Trial (I'M FIT), we determined the effects of adding CR for weight loss on muscle and physical function responses to RT in older overweight and obese adults. Design: I'M FIT was a 5-mo trial in 126 older (65-79 y) overweight and obese men and women who were randomly assigned to a progressive, 3-d/wk, moderate-intensity RT intervention with a weightloss intervention (RT+CR) or without a weight-loss intervention (RT). The primary outcome was maximal knee extensor strength; secondary outcomes were muscle power and quality, overall physical function, and total body and thigh compositions. Results: Body mass decreased in the RT+CR group but not in the RT group. Fat mass, percentage of fat, and all thigh fat volumes decreased in both groups, but only the RT+CR group lost lean mass. Adjusted postintervention body-and thigh-composition measures were all lower with RT+CR except intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Knee strength, power, and quality and the 4-m gait speed increased similarly in both groups. Adjusted postintervention means for a 400-m walk time and self-reported disability were better with RT+CR with no group differences in other functional measures, including knee strength. Participants with a lower percentage of fat and IMAT at baseline exhibited a greater improvement in the 400-m walk and knee strength and power. Conclusions: RT improved body composition (including reducing IMAT) and muscle strength and physical function in obese elderly, but those with higher initial adiposity experienced less improvement. The addition of CR during RT improves mobility and does not compromise other functional adaptations to RT. These findings support the incorporation of RT into obesity treatments for this population regardless of whether CR is part of the treatment. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT01049698.Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:991-9.

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Body composition, physical performance and muscle quality of active elderly women

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanical efficiency improvement in relation to metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults

Mechanical efficiency improvement in relation to metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults

Comportamento sedentário e massa muscular reduzida em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

Effects of resistance training with and without caloric restriction on physical function and mobility in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial

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