Body concentration of caesium-137 in patients from Western Isles of Scotland.

Isles, Christopher; Robertson, Ian; Macleod, J. A. J.; Preston, Thomas C.; East, B.W.; Hole, David; Lever, A.F.

doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6792.1568

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to find the direction, while the muscular contraction level controlled the cursor velocity. A recent research involving the Microsoft Corporation presents a similar approach using the EMG signal in games [ 32 ] interfaces but also in hands-busy situations, that could also be deployed for people presenting some level of disability. The implication of a company highly bounded with the computing area indicates the potential of using the EMG signal for computing interface.…”

Section: Electromyographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey

et al. 2011

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We have now sufficient evidence that using electrical biosignals in the field of Alternative and Augmented Communication is feasible. Additionally, they are particularly suitable in the case of people with severe motor impairment, e.g. people with high-level spinal cord injury or with locked-up syndrome. Developing solutions for them implies that we find ways to use sensors that fit the user's needs and limitations, which in turn impacts the specifications of the system translating the user's intentions into commands. After devising solutions for a given user or profile, the system should be evaluated with an appropriate method, allowing a comparison with other solutions. This paper submits a review of the way three bioelectrical signals - electromyographic, electrooculographic and electroencephalographic - have been utilised in alternative communication with patients suffering severe motor restrictions. It also offers a comparative study of the various methods applied to measure the performance of AAC systems.

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Section: Electromyographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey

et al. 2011

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“…Measurements of 137 Cs in patients suffering from hypertension have also been made in Scotland (Isles et al 1991). Most patients came from the Glasgow area but 60 were from the Western Isles, and 101 from other parts of mainland Scotland.…”

Section: Pre-chernobyl Caesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of measurements of radionuclides in members of the public in the UK

Hodgson¹,

Ham²,

Youngman³

et al. 2004

J. Radiol. Prot.

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This paper summarises a comprehensive review of radio-analytical data from autopsy, whole or partial body monitoring and the assay of teeth, foetuses and urine for non-occupationally exposed members of the public in the UK between 1957 and 2003. Most attention has been given to measurements of artificial radionuclides formed in the nuclear fuel cycle, uranium and thorium. The review concentrates on measurements on people in the UK who live or have lived in the vicinity of nuclear power sites. When UK data are unavailable, or for the purposes of comparison, information has been included from studies in other countries. Highlights of key findings of the document are listed: The concentrations of strontium-90 in bone and teeth have reflected changes in the amounts present in the environment due to fallout from nuclear testing. There are higher concentration levels of 239+240Pu in samples from West Cumbria compared with the rest of the UK. However, the levels are so low that any increase in risk of induced skeletal tumours (including leukaemia) would be very small compared with those arising from the intake of natural radionuclides. As expected there have been only a few published autopsy studies. Both tissue sample mass and radionuclide concentrations were low, leading to relatively large measurement uncertainties. Whole body measurements of 137Cs in residents in Berkshire and Oxfordshire clearly show the effect of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and of the Chernobyl accident. A survey of whole body 137Cs and 134Cs content following the Chernobyl accident showed that residents of Central Scotland, North-West England and North Wales had twice the radiocaesium content of residents in the rest of England and Wales. Measurements of 131I in the thyroid have been reported following the accidents at Windscale and Chernobyl for most regions of the UK. Few excretion studies have been reported although this does not diminish their importance. One study on the urinary excretion rate of 90Sr in adults and children living in the Dounreay area suggested that the results did not support this radionuclide as being the cause of increased childhood leukaemia. Similar conclusions were drawn from another study involving the assay of 239Pu. It is suggested that a national database of measurements made on members of the public should be initiated. The database would provide a means for identifying future trends.

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Body concentration of caesium-137 in patients from Western Isles of Scotland.

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey

Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey

A review of measurements of radionuclides in members of the public in the UK

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