Body Distribution of Galactose-Containing Synthetic Polymer and Galactosylated Albumin

Koyama, Yoshiyuki; Miki, Ishikawa; Ueda, Akihiko; Sudo, Tomohiro; Kojima, Shuji; Suginaka, Akinori

doi:10.1295/polymj.25.355

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Styrene (St) (Kanto Chemical Co., >99.0%), divinylbenzene (DVB) (Aldrich, tech., mixture of isomers, 80%), and m -xylene (Kanto Chemical Co., >99.0%) were distilled just before use. 1-Phenyl-1-(2‘,2‘,6‘,6‘-tetramethyl-1‘-piperidinyloxy)ethane, 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol, and maltohexaose peracetate 12 were prepared according to literature procedures. Dry dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) (Kanto Chemical Co., >99.5%), dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Kanto Chemical Co., >99.5%), piperidine (Kanto Chemical Co., >98.0%), trichloroacetonitrile ( Aldrich, 98%), boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex (BF 3 ·OEt 2 ) (Kanto Chemical Co., >95%), sodium methoxide (Wako, 28% in methanol), and methyl orange (Wako) were used without further purification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugated Polymer. 3. Synthesis and Amphiphilic Property of Core-Glycoconjugated Star-Shaped Polystyrene

et al. 2001

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Coupling reactions of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-terminated polystyrene (PS-TEMPO) using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a linking agent were performed in the presence of 4-vinylbenzyl glucoside peracetate (1a) and 4-vinylbenzyl maltohexaoside peracetate (1b). To prepare core-glycoconjugated starshaped polymers with various amphiphilic properties, the molar ratio of 1 and DVB in the feed (F1, [1]/[DVB]) was changed from 0.13 to 0.38 for the coupling reaction. Star-shaped polystyrenes having 1a and 1b units in their cores (2a and 2b, respectively) were obtained by purification using preparative SEC. The weight-average molecular weights determined by static laser light scattering measurements (Mw,SLS), the polydispersity indices determined by size exclusion chromatography (Mw/Mn), the number of polystyrene arms (Narm), and the core-composition ratio (f1, [1 unit]/[DVB unit]) were 2.89 × 10 5 -3.31

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugated Polymer. 3. Synthesis and Amphiphilic Property of Core-Glycoconjugated Star-Shaped Polystyrene

et al. 2001

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“…This has been successfully achieved with galactose/lactosecontaining glycoconjugates, with a multivalence effect (tetra > tri > di > mono) on liver uptake [16]. The functional imaging of liver ASGP-R is of both diagnostic and prognostic value during the treatment of liver pathologies (e.g., cancer and hepatitis B).…”

Section: Ln-chelate Glycoconjugates As Molecular Imaging Casmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugate Probes and Targets for Molecular Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance

2010

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Review Molecular recognition of sugar residues applied in molecular imagingMolecular imaging aims at probing the molecular abnormalities that are the basis of diseases rather than to image their effects [1]. An important prerequisite of this approach is the selection of appropriate markers of disease and of targeting vectors to recognize them. The latter can include low-molecular weight substrates for enzymes or high-molecular weight affinity ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies, hormone analogs and recombinant proteins. Of the three major classes of biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates), the latter class is the least exploited in molecular imaging. However, a dense layer of glyco conjugates covers all cells and carbohydrate mediated cellular recognition plays an important role in nature, both in normal and malignant processes, such as cell-cell communication, infection, inflammation, metastasis and reproduction. As carriers of information, the carbohydrates have far greater potential than proteins and nucleic acids; three different nucleotides or amino acids can generate only six distinguishable structures, while over 1000 structures can be built up from three different monosaccharides [2]. This level of complexity is probably the reason for the fact that the exploration of these compounds in molecular imaging is lagging behind [3]. Recently, significant progress has been made in glycochemistry and glycobiology; for example, automated solid-phase synthesis of oligo saccharides has become possible [4], carbohydrate-based vaccines have been developed [5] and high-throughput methods have been designed for the screening of molecular interactions [6]. The exciting new developments in glycoscience are opening way for new challenges in exploring the full potential of carbohydrates in molecular imaging. Therefore, here we give an overview of the recent literature on the use of glycoconjugates either as probes or targets in molecular imaging using MRI.MRI contrast agents (CAs) are broadly described as positive or negative, depending on whether they give rise to a brightening or a darkening effect on the MR image, respectively. The positive or brightening effect predominantly relates to the longitudinal proton relaxation time (T 1 ) and the negative or darkening effect predominantly relates to the transverse proton relaxation time (T 2 ). To date, the majority of commercially available and clinically applied positive CAs are Gd 3+ complexes of the polyaminocarboxylates diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) (see FiguRe 1 for some typical examples) and negative CAs are various iron oxide particles. These agents are not actively targeting. The targeted CAs for application in molecular imaging that are currently under development and described below are generally based on compounds 1 (Gd-DTPA) and 2 (Gd-DOTA), as well as iron oxide nanoparticles.Glycoconjugate probes and targets for molecular imaging using magnetic resonanceRecently...

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“…[21] The ASGPR can be targeted by attaching galactose residues to a desired carrier containing efficient reporter groups. [22][23][24][25][26] The pioneering work of Lee and others has demonstrated that the order of increasing affinity (in vivo and in vitro) of multivalent glycoconjugates for the ASGPR is tetra>tri>di>mono. [52] The targeting of the ASGPR has been demonstrated both in a cell line and mice with a 111 In-radiolabelled galactopyranosyl conjugate of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) Is a Diagnostic Modalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lanthanide(III) Complexes of DOTA–Glycoconjugates: A Potential New Class of Lectin‐Mediated Medical Imaging Agents

André

Geraldes

Martins

et al. 2004

Chemistry A European J

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Body Distribution of Galactose-Containing Synthetic Polymer and Galactosylated Albumin

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Glycoconjugated Polymer. 3. Synthesis and Amphiphilic Property of Core-Glycoconjugated Star-Shaped Polystyrene

Glycoconjugated Polymer. 3. Synthesis and Amphiphilic Property of Core-Glycoconjugated Star-Shaped Polystyrene

Glycoconjugate Probes and Targets for Molecular Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance

Lanthanide(III) Complexes of DOTA–Glycoconjugates: A Potential New Class of Lectin‐Mediated Medical Imaging Agents

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