Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Hollander, Eric; Cohen, Lisa J.; Simeon, Daphne

doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19930701-06

Cited by 181 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, it is interesting that both studies of BDD in adolescents found that most adolescents were female. This finding is consistent with several studies of adults with BDD in community and clinical settings (Rosen and Reiter, 1996;Veale et al, 1996;Faravelli et al, 1997), but differs from other adult BDD studies, which had a nearly equal gender ratio or contained more males than females (Hollander et al, 1993;Neziroglu and Yaryura-Tobias, 1993;Perugi et al, 1997;Phillips and Diaz, 1997;Bienvenu et al, 2000). It is unclear whether BDD actually affects more females than males-both adolescents and adults-or whether males with BDD are less likely to come to clinical attention or participate in a study such as ours, perhaps because it is more distressing and feels more shameful for males to reveal and discuss body image concerns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults

Phillips

Didie

Menard

et al. 2006

Psychiatry Research

191

128

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually begins during adolescence, but its clinical features have received little investigation in this age group. Two hundred individuals with BDD (36 adolescents; 164 adults) completed interviewer-administered and self-report measures. Adolescents were preoccupied with numerous aspects of their appearance, most often their skin, hair, and stomach. Among the adolescents, 94.3% reported moderate, severe, or extreme distress due to BDD, 80.6% had a history of suicidal ideation, and 44.4% had attempted suicide. Adolescents experienced high rates and levels of impairment in school, work, and other aspects of psychosocial functioning. Adolescents and adults were comparable on most variables, although adolescents had significantly more delusional BDD beliefs and a higher lifetime rate of suicide attempts. Thus, adolescents with BDD have high levels of distress and rates of functional impairment, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. BDD's clinical features in adolescents appear largely similar to those in adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults

Phillips

Didie

Menard

et al. 2006

Psychiatry Research

191

128

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“…This is comparable with Veale et al's (1996) finding that 26% of 50 BDD patients seen in a psychiatric setting had received surgery. Hollander, Cohen, & Simeon (1993) reported an even higher rate of 40%.…”

Section: Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Cosmetic Medical Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changing appearances: cosmetic surgery and body dysmorphic disorder

Mulkens¹,

Jansen²

2006

NEJP

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“…Most studies that have examined the prevalence of MDD in BDD patients found a relatively high prevalence, with lifetime rates of 36% of 50 subjects (Veale et al, 1996), 41% of 58 subjects (Perugi et al, 1997), 68% of 50 subjects (Hollander et al, 1993), 69% of 16 subjects (Zimmerman and Mattia, 1998), and 76% of 293 subjects (Gunstad and Phillips, 2003). In the largest study (n=293), lifetime MDD was more than twice as common as any other Axis I disorder (Gunstad and Phillips, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical features and correlates of major depressive disorder in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder

Phillips

Didie

Menard

2007

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background-Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) appear highly comorbid. However, MDD in individuals with BDD has received little investigation.Methods-The prevalence and characteristics of comorbid MDD were assessed in 178 BDD subjects. BDD subjects with current comorbid MDD (n=68) were compared to BDD subjects without current comorbid MDD (n=96) on demographic and clinical characteristics. Predictors of current MDD were determined using logistic regression.Results-74.2% of subjects had lifetime MDD, and 38.2% had current MDD. The melancholic subtype was most common, and a majority of depressed subjects had recurrent episodes. Mean onset of BDD occurred at a younger age than MDD. Subjects with current comorbid MDD had many similarities to those without MDD, although those with comorbid MDD had more severe BDD. Subjects with comorbid MDD were also more likely to have an anxiety or personality disorder, as well as a family history of MDD. They also had greater social anxiety, suicidality, and poorer functioning and quality of life. Current MDD was independently predicted by a personality disorder and more severe BDD.Limitations-It is unclear how generalizable the results are to the community or to subjects ascertained for MDD who have comorbid BDD. The study lacked a comparison group such as MDD subjects without BDD.Conclusions-MDD is common in individuals with BDD. Individuals with current MDD had greater morbidity in some clinically important domains, including suicidality, functioning, and quality of life. A personality disorder and more severe BDD independently predicted the presence of current MDD.

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Abstract: BDD may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on several dimensions, including symptom profile, patterns of comorbidity, family history, and a possible preferential response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Cited by 181 publications

References 21 publications

Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults

Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults

Changing appearances: cosmetic surgery and body dysmorphic disorder

Clinical features and correlates of major depressive disorder in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder

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