Body fat and time of year interact to mediate dispersal behaviour in ground squirrels

Nunes, Scott; Ha, Co Diem T; Garrett, Paula J.; Mueke, Eva Maria; Smale, Laura; Holekamp, Kay E.

doi:10.1006/anbe.1997.0645

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On the other hand, larger individuals are more likely to be successful emigrants and should disperse, an expectation supported by results for Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi; Nunes et al 1998). However, for most species studied, including yellow-bellied marmots, body mass was unrelated to dispersal (Gregory and Cameron 1988, Wiggett and Boag 1992b, McGuire et al 1993, Ferreras et al 2004, Sharpe 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The effect of competition, for either mates or resources, may be mediated through dominance and aggression (Hanski et al 1991, Wolff 1993, Matthysen 2005, with low-ranking subordinates induced behaviorally to disperse (Christian 1970, Gaines andMcClenaghan 1980 (Hanski et al 1991, Bowler andBenton 2005). Body size, however, might have the opposite effect: Larger individuals may be more likely to emigrate because they have the fat reserves to meet the energy demands of dispersal (Nunes et al 1998). Finally, Bekoff (1977) proposed that dispersal results not from presence of agonistic interactions at the time of emigration but from the absence of cohesive interactions such as social play before emigration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proximate causes of natal dispersal in female yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris

Armitage

Vuren

Özgül

et al. 2011

Ecology

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Abstract. We investigated factors influencing natal dispersal in 231 female yearling yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) using comprehensive analysis of 10 years (1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993) of radiotelemetry and 37 years of capture-mark-recapture data. Only individuals whose dispersal status was verified, primarily by radiotelemetry, were considered. Univariate analyses revealed that six of the 24 variables we studied significantly influenced dispersal: dispersal was less likely when the mother was present, amicable behavior with the mother and play behavior were more frequent, and spatial overlap was greater with the mother, with matriline females, and with other yearling females. Using both univariate and multivariate analyses, we tested several hypotheses proposed as proximate causes of dispersal. We rejected inbreeding avoidance, population density, body size, social intolerance, and kin competition as factors influencing dispersal. Instead, our results indicate that kin cooperation, expressed via cohesive behaviors and with a focus on the mother, influenced dispersal by promoting philopatry. Kin cooperation may be an underappreciated factor influencing dispersal in both social and nonsocial species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate causes of natal dispersal in female yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris

Armitage

Vuren

Özgül

et al. 2011

Ecology

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“…For example, body condition appears to be a critical proximate factor affecting both the decision to dis perse and its timing. In some mammals, body composition and, particularly, the level of fat stores are critical in trig gering dispersal, with higher fat stores being associated with increased motivation to disperse (O'Riain et al 1996;Nunes et al 1998). The relationship between body size and dispersal may be affected by the social context in which dispersal decisions are made by individuals (Hanski 1991), suggesting that body size may affect both ability and mo tivation to disperse.…”

Section: Dispersal Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating across Life‐History Stages: Consequences of Natal Habitat Effects on Dispersal

Benard

McCauley

2008

The American Naturalist

174

136

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Ecological and evolutionary processes are affected by forces acting at both local and regional scales, yet our understanding of how these scales interact has remained limited. These processes are fundamentally linked through individuals that develop as juve niles in one environment and then either remain in the natal habitat or disperse to new environments. Empirical studies in a diverse range of organisms have demonstrated that the conditions experienced in the natal habitat can have profound effects on the adult phenotype. This environmentally induced phenotypic variation can in turn affect the probability that an individual will disperse to a new environment and the ecological and evolutionary impact of that individual in the new environment. We synthesize the literature on this process and propose a framework for exploring the linkage between local devel opmental environment and dispersal. We then discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of dispersal asymmetries generated by the effects of natal habitat conditions on individual phenotypes. Our review indicates that the influence of natal habitat conditions on adult phenotypes may be a highly general mechanism affecting the flow of individuals between populations. The wealth of information already gathered on how local conditions affect adult phenotype can and should be integrated into the study of dispersal as a critical force in ecology and evolution.

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“…Some mammals demonstrate weight gain, with increased adiposity, during a transitional period (fall) in preparation for the winter when food may be scarce, ambient temperature declines, and additional energy is needed for thermoregulation (Florant and Healy, 2012;Fuglei et al, 2004;Webster et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2012). During winter, some mammals minimize lean tissue accretion to conserve body protein (Nunes et al, 1998;Prestrud and Nilssen, 1992;Webster et al, 1999). Previous studies found that during winter ghrelin stimulates lipogenesis and food intake (Tschop et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal response of ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I in the free-ranging Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)

2016

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a b s t r a c tSeasonal changes in light, temperature, and food availability stimulate a physiological response in an animal. Seasonal adaptations are well studied in Arctic, Sub-Arctic, and hibernating mammals; however, limited studies have been conducted in sub-tropical species. The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), a sub-tropical marine mammal, forages less during colder temperatures and may rely on adipose stores for maintenance energy requirements. Metabolic hormones, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and ghrelin influence growth rate, accretion of lean and adipose tissue. They have been shown to regulate seasonal changes in body composition. The objective of this research was to investigate manatee metabolic hormones in two seasons to determine if manatees exhibit seasonality and if these hormones are associated with seasonal changes in body composition. In addition, age related differences in these metabolic hormones were assessed in multiple age classes. Concentrations of GH, IGF-I, and ghrelin were quantified in adult manatee serum using heterologous radioimmunoassays. Samples were compared between short (winter) and long (summer) photoperiods (n = 22 male, 20 female) and by age class (adult, juvenile, and calf) in long photoperiods (n = 37). Short photoperiods tended to have reduced GH (p = 0.08), greater IGF-I (p = 0.01), and greater blubber depth (p = 0.03) compared with long photoperiods. No differences were observed in ghrelin (p = 0.66). Surprisingly, no age related differences were observed in IGF-I or ghrelin concentrations (p > 0.05). However, serum concentrations of GH tended (p = 0.07) to be greater in calves and juveniles compared with adults. Increased IGF-I, greater blubber thickness, and reduced GH during short photoperiod suggest a prioritization for adipose deposition. Whereas, increased GH, reduced blubber thickness, and decreased IGF-I in long photoperiod suggest prioritization of lean tissue accretion. Hormone profiles in conjunction with difference in body composition between photoperiods indicate seasonal adjustments in manatee nutrient partitioning priorities.

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Body fat and time of year interact to mediate dispersal behaviour in ground squirrels

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Proximate causes of natal dispersal in female yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris

Proximate causes of natal dispersal in female yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris

Integrating across Life‐History Stages: Consequences of Natal Habitat Effects on Dispersal

Seasonal response of ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I in the free-ranging Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)

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