Body fat, cardiovascular risk factors and brain structure in school-age children

Silva, Carolina C V; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Muetzel, Ryan L.; Santos, Susana; Marroun, Hanan El

doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00913-3

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example the Generation R study found that children with overweight and obesity (n = 536) versus healthy weight (n = 2355) had lower GMV in the frontal lobe, and that a one standard deviation score (SDS) in fat mass percentage was associated with significantly lower frontotemporal GMV. 38 Further, two large, crosssectional analyses of children from the ABCD study (n = 3190 39,40 )…”

Section: Food-related Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of much larger cohorts have similarly reported reductions. For example the Generation R study found that children with overweight and obesity ( n = 536) versus healthy weight ( n = 2355) had lower GMV in the frontal lobe, and that a one standard deviation score (SDS) in fat mass percentage was associated with significantly lower frontotemporal GMV 38 . Further, two large, cross‐sectional analyses of children from the ABCD study ( n = 3190 39,40 ) showed that greater BMI was associated with lower CT in the prefrontal cortex, with one larger analysis ( n = 11 875) further demonstrating that BMI z‐score showed a quadratic relationship with total GMV and right hippocampus volume 41 …”

Section: Structural and Functional Brain Differences In Paediatric Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher BMI was also associated with greater GMV in the globus pallidus in a small study of 6–8 years old children ( n = 33), 32 while higher BMI z‐score was associated with greater GMV in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala in a study of 10–16.5 years old children ( n = 51) 47 . In the large Generation R study, 10 years olds with overweight/obesity ( n = 536) versus healthy weight ( n = 2355) had larger amygdala and hippocampal GMV, with a one SDS increase in fat mass index being associated with greater GMV in the thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and putamen 38 . A further analysis using the same cohort ( n = 3160) found that greater BMI standard deviation score (SDS) was associated with greater CT in superior parietal, superior temporal, inferior temporal, pericalcarine, occipital, postcentral, lingual and superior parietal gyri 48 .…”

Section: Structural and Functional Brain Differences In Paediatric Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complementarily, Yau et al found that adolescents with uncomplicated obesity (no insulin resistance) ( n = 30) versus healthy weight ( n = 30) had reduced FA in major white matter tracts (including temporal stem, optic radiations, internal capsule, splenium, external capsule), potentially reflecting a dose effect of metabolic dysregulation 46 . Another study of Generation R found that a one standard deviation score (SDS) increase in android fat mass percentage as assessed by Dual x‐ray Absorpiometry (DEXA)—a high‐quality indicator of abdominal obesity—was associated with globally lower white matter diffusivity 38 …”

Section: Structural and Functional Brain Differences In Paediatric Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[Correction added on 9 June 2023, after first online publication: Figure3has been corrected in this version.] fat mass percentage as assessed by Dual x-ray Absorpiometry (DEXA)-a high-quality indicator of abdominal obesity-was associated with globally lower white matter diffusivity 38.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

et al. 2023

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Summary Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food‐related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross‐sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume. Children with obesity and MetS components also show some evidence for hyperresponsivity of food reward regions and hyporesponsivity of cognitive control circuits during food‐related tasks, altered brain responses to food tastes, and altered resting‐state connectivity including between cognitive control and reward processing networks. Potential mechanisms for these findings include neuroinflammation, impaired vascular reactivity, and effects of diet and obesity on myelination and dopamine function. Future observational research using longitudinal measures, improved sampling strategies and study designs, and rigorous statistical methods, promises to further illuminate dynamic relationships and causal mechanisms. Intervention studies targeted at modifiable biological and behavioural factors associated with paediatric obesity and MetS can further inform mechanisms, as well as test whether brain and behaviour can be altered for beneficial outcomes.

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Section: Food-related Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural and Functional Brain Differences In Paediatric Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural and Functional Brain Differences In Paediatric Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural and Functional Brain Differences In Paediatric Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

et al. 2023

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FTO variation and early frontostriatal brain development in children

Thapaliya,

Kundu,

Jansen

et al. 2023

Obesity

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ObjectiveCommon obesity‐associated genetic variants at the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) locus have been associated with appetitive behaviors and altered structure and function of frontostriatal brain regions. The authors aimed to investigate the influence of FTO variation on frontostriatal appetite circuits in early life.MethodsData were drawn from RESONANCE, a longitudinal study of early brain development. Growth trajectories of nucleus accumbens and frontal lobe volumes, as well as total gray matter and white matter volume, by risk allele (AA) carrier status on FTO single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 were examined in 228 children (102 female, 126 male) using magnetic resonance imaging assessments obtained from infancy through middle childhood. The authors fit functional concurrent regression models with brain volume outcomes over age as functional responses, and FTO genotype, sex, BMI z score, and maternal education were included as predictors.ResultsBootstrap pointwise 95% confidence intervals for regression coefficient functions in the functional concurrent regression models showed that the AA group versus the group with no risk allele (TT) had greater nucleus accumbens volume (adjusted for total brain volume) in the interval of 750 to 2250 days (2–6 years).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that common genetic risk for obesity is associated with differences in early development of brain reward circuitry and argue for investigating dynamic relationships among genotype, brain, behavior, and weight throughout development.

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Population-based research in obesity – An overview of neuroimaging studies using big data approach

Morys

Shishikura

2022

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research

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Body fat, cardiovascular risk factors and brain structure in school-age children

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions

FTO variation and early frontostriatal brain development in children

Population-based research in obesity – An overview of neuroimaging studies using big data approach

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