Body Image and Self-Esteem in Adolescent Ballet Dancers

Bettle, Norman; Bettle, Oliver; Neumärker, Ursula; Neumärker, Klaus‐Jürgen

doi:10.2466/pms.2001.93.1.297

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Self-esteem, which is considered a relevant protective factor in this model, was not a predictor of DE in elite athletes, in contrast to the other two groups. This was an unexpected result, especially due to the frequent association between DE and low self-esteem in athletes of aesthetic sports (e.g., [14,15]). Furthermore, social pressure (which is related to peer pressure, as mentioned) is the strongest predictor of self-esteem in the three groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A recent study of female collegiate athletes showed that low levels of selfesteem, but not high levels of perfectionism, were associated with higher levels of disordered eating [13]. Some studies show a clear correlation between low body image satisfaction and ED symptoms among athletes (e.g., [14,15]), even considering body image satisfaction a mediating variable for the social influence for thinness, anxiety about athletic performance, and negative appraisals of athletic achievement [16]. However, other studies report the absence of this correlation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual and relational risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescent aesthetic athletes and general adolescents

2013

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This study compared potential risk and protective factors, levels of disordered eating (DE), and their relationship among young aesthetic athletes (elite and nonelite) and controls (N = 725; 62.5 % females; mean age = 15.3, SD = 2.1). The participants completed selfreport measures (McKnight Risk Factor Survey-IV, Contour Drawing Rating Scale and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire). Female elite athletes showed a greater risk of developing eating disorders than non-elite athletes and controls, with no difference between the three groups of males. Multiple group analyses revealed important differences in DE predictors. Although social pressure is the strongest DE predictor in non-elite athletes and controls, in elite athletes, the strongest DE predictor is body image dissatisfaction. Parental influences, rather than self-esteem, are predictors of DE in elite athletes, unlike the other two groups. These results show that the risk and protective factors involved in the development of DE are not universally valid. The results highlight the importance of studying specific characteristics associated with DE in aesthetic athletes. Some implications for ED risk assessment and prevention are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and relational risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescent aesthetic athletes and general adolescents

2013

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“…The higher dieting and body dissatisfaction may have been a result of their discipline. Female ballet students are less satisfied with their weight in comparison with their non-dancing peers 17 and often wish to decrease weight despite a low body mass index (BMI) 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating attitudes, weight control behaviors and risk factors for eating disorders among Chinese female dance students

Tao

Sun²

2015

Eur. J. Psychiat.

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CHINAABSTRACT -Background and Objectives: Along with the economic development, eating disorders begin to appear in China. In this context, we study potential risks for eating disorders.Methods: 1,199 Chinese students, aged 12-25 years, were randomly selected in spring 2006 from a survey with a series of scales (EAT-26, EDI) that were used as a screening examination for eating attitudes, weight control behaviors and risk factors. Among them were 31 female Chinese dance students. The dancer students were compared with the female high risk group of eating disorders (EAT ≥ 20) and the female low risk group (EAT 0-9) according to their scores on EAT-26 and EDI.Results: There were just 3 dancers (10%) with scores on the EAT-26 who were over the cut-off point of 20 for high risk of an eating disorder. The dance group also showed significantly higher scores than the low risk group (EAT 0-9) not only on the subscales Dieting, and EAT-26 total scores on the EAT-26, but also on the subscales Perfectionism and Maturity Fears on the EDI.Conclusions: Among the group of female Chinese dance students, most participants did not show a high risk for eating disorders and their high scores on some subscales on the EAT-26 and EDI could be caused by their occupation.

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“…Among the other facilitating factors, athletic participation has often been linked to a higher prevalence of eating disorders, which are found to be particularly widespread among performers of certain types of sports or physical activities, such as ballet [11][12][13][14][15][16], gymnastics [17][18][19], running [20][21][22] and skating [23,24]. Several personality characteristics have been claimed to be associated both with eating disorders and sport participation: competitiveness, concern about performance, compulsive concern about body shape and perfectionism [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Disorders and Body Image Disturbances among Ballet Dancers, Gymnasium Users and Body Builders

Ravaldi¹,

Vannacci²,

Zucchi³

et al. 2003

Psychopathology

141

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Background: Eating disorders are frequent among elite performers of certain sports or physical activities; however, little is known about non-professional performers. Method: 113 female non-elite ballet dancers, 54 female gymnasium users, 44 male non-competitive body builders, 105 female controls and 30 male controls were evaluated using the Body Uneasiness Test, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Eating Disorder Examination 12th edition (EDE-12). Results: Non-elite ballet dancers reported the highest prevalence of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa 1.8%; bulimia nervosa 2.7%; eating disorders not otherwise specified 22.1%), followed by gymnasium users (anorexia nervosa 2.6%; eating disorders not otherwise specified 18%). Significant differences (p < 0.01) between athletes and their controls were found in the following parameters (median values): Beck Depression Inventory (female dancers 5.7, gymnasium users 6.1, female controls 2.8, body builders 1.6, and male controls 1.3), Body Uneasiness Test (female dancers 1.08, gymnasium users 0.62, female controls 0.54, body builders 0.35, and male controls 0.27), EDE total scores (female dancers 1.6, gymnasium users 1.7, female controls 1.0, body builders 1.0, and male controls 0.4), EDE – restraint subscale scores (female dancers 0.8, gymnasium users 1.6, female controls 0.0, body builders 0.8, and male controls 0.0), EDE – eating concern subscale scores (female dancers 0.4, gymnasium users 0.2, female controls 0.0, body builders 0.0, and male controls 0.0), EDE – weight concern subscale scores (female dancers 2.1, gymnasium users 2.1, female controls 1.6, body builders 1.4, and male controls 0.5), and EDE – shape concern subscale scores (female dancers 2.7, gymnasium users 2.8, female controls 2.0, body builders 2.1, and male controls 0.9). EDE scores were highly related to Body Uneasiness Test scores, especially in non-elite ballet dancers and in non-competitive body builders (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Non-professional performers of sports emphasising thinness or muscularity, such as ballet and body-building, show a high degree of body uneasiness and inappropriate eating attitudes and behaviours.

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Body Image and Self-Esteem in Adolescent Ballet Dancers

Cited by 59 publications

References 48 publications

Individual and relational risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescent aesthetic athletes and general adolescents

Individual and relational risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescent aesthetic athletes and general adolescents

Eating attitudes, weight control behaviors and risk factors for eating disorders among Chinese female dance students

Eating Disorders and Body Image Disturbances among Ballet Dancers, Gymnasium Users and Body Builders

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