Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Kasten, Erich

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-50315-7_3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[3] BID differs not only in the severity of the need, but much more in the type of disability. Fredrike Spithaler from our group, with the help of Rachel Esterhazy, had already conducted a study on this in 2009, which, however, was primarily aimed at amputation and paralysis [10]. What is striking in Figure 2 is that the left leg is primarily the target object.…”

Section: Types and Strengths Of Symptoms Of Bidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Girl Who Wants to Get Rid of Her Left Leg—Body Identity Dysphoria

Kasten

2023

Healthcare

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Introduction: One of the strangest kinds of misperceptions of the body is “Body Integrity Dysphoria” (BID), formerly named as “Body Identity Integrity Disorder” (BIID). The affected people have the feeling that a limb is not part of their body. They can feel it, they can use it, they can move it, but they cannot get along with the fact that it is a part of their own body. Most feel the need for an amputation of a leg, others of both legs, some want a palsy and use a wheelchair. Still discussed is whether other disablements such as blindness, dumbness, deafness or a desire to have an incontinency can be included in this diagnosis. This review discusses parallels and differences to transgender/trans identity, body dysmorphic disorder, alien limb syndrome, hemineglect, and self-induced amputations in schizophrenic patients. The cause for the need to be disabled is still unknown; the review gives an overview about psychological and neurological theories of explanation and what kind of therapy may help. Methods: This is a narrative review of about 20 years of research about Body Integrity Dysphoria by the author. Results: Overall, no psychopathological deviations were found, none of the affected persons examined by us were actually delusional or schizophrenic, which underlines that there is a neurological malfunction in the brain that has existed since birth. However, psychological mechanisms intensify the symptoms. There are clear parallels to other forms of interference between the external body and mental body representation. Different types of therapies have been able to provide help to better deal with BID, but there has been little to bring about a real cure. In contrast, BID-affected persons who achieved amputation (or other desired forms of disability) were satisfied and able to return to work. Conclusions: BID remains an enigmatic disorder. We have learned a lot over the past 20 years that the mental and physical bodies do not have to match.

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Section: Types and Strengths Of Symptoms Of Bidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Girl Who Wants to Get Rid of Her Left Leg—Body Identity Dysphoria

Kasten

2023

Healthcare

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“…Im Sinne eines theoriegeleiteten Vorgehens ist das wichtigste Ziel die Entwicklung eines Störungsmodells, aus dem sich spezifische, zu prüfende Annahmen ergeben, die dann getestet werden können. Die getesteten Annahmen könnten dann in Folge dabei helfen, psychotherapeutische Behandlungen zu entwickeln, die nicht nur wie bisher einen angemessenen Umgang mit dem Wunsch nach Behinderung erarbeiten [43], sondern tatsächlich symptomreduzierend wirken könnten. Auch Müller diskutiert die Relevanz eines evidenzbasierten Störungsmodells, um ethisch abgewogene Entscheidungen über Körpermodifikationen treffen zu können [44].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Kognitive und affektive Prozesse bei Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID): Eine Pilotstudie

Behrens

Friel

Grocholewski

et al. 2020

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol

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ZusammenfassungPersonen mit Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) haben den starken Wunsch nach einer Amputation (BID-A) oder Lähmung (BID-L). Erkenntnisse über psychische Aspekte von BID basieren fast ausschließlich auf Selbstberichten. Diese Pilotstudie soll anhand experimenteller Paradigmen Erkenntnisse zu kognitiven und affektiven Prozessen, die über den Verbalbericht der Betroffenen hinausgehen, gewinnen. Dafür wurden n=5 Personen mit BID-A, n=3 mit BID-L, n=22 psychisch gesunde Personen und n=8 Personen mit körperdysmorpher Störung (KDS, eine andere Gruppe mit starken Körpermodifikationswünschen) erhoben. Es wurde die selektive Aufmerksamkeit (Eyetracking-Paradigma), die Anfälligkeit für fehlerhafte Erinnerungen (DRM-Paradigma) und die affektive Nichtbeteiligung am unerwünschten Körperteil (Induzierung und Zerstörung einer Rubber-Hand/Foot-Illusion) untersucht. Im deskriptiven Vergleich blickten die hier teilnehmenden Personen mit BID-A schneller und länger auf abgebildete Amputationsstümpfe als alle anderen Gruppen und zeigten eine geringere Schreckreaktion auf die Zerstörung ihrer Körperillusion. Für eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für fehlerhafte Erinnerungen gab es keine Hinweise. Die kleine Stichprobengröße lässt keine Generalisierung zu. Trotzdem zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie, dass Symptome von BID und darunter liegende Prozesse auch über Selbstberichte hinaus erfassbar sind und sie geben erste Hinweise darauf, dass die selektive Aufmerksamkeit und die affektive Beteiligung am unerwünschten Körperteil bei Personen mit BID-A im Vgl. zu Personen, die sich keine Amputation wünschen (inkl. Personen mit BID-L), abweicht. Die zugrundeliegenden Prozesse besser zu verstehen, könnte dabei helfen ein Störungsmodell zu entwickeln, Subgruppen zu identifizieren und Behandlungsansätze abzuleiten.

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“…Body integrity identity disorder (BIID) is a rare mental disorder characterized by an intensive desire to adapt the body to a mentally perceived body image. Affected people often feel that an arm or a leg does not belong to their body and ask physicians for an amputation [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Currently, conditions such as the desire for paraplegia or –more rarely – for blindness or deafness are being discussed in the context of BIID.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overwhelming Desire to Be Blind: Similarities and Differences between Body Integrity Identity Disorder and the Wish for Blindness

Gutschke

Stirn

Kasten

2017

Case Rep Ophthalmol

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Background: The urge to be permanently blind is an extremely rare mental health disturbance. The underlying cause of this desire has not been determined yet, and it is uncertain whether the wish for blindness is a condition that can be included in the context of body integrity identity disorder, a condition where people feel an overwhelming need to be disabled, in many cases by amputation of a limb or through paralysis. Objective: The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that people with a desire for blindness suffer from a greater degree of visual stress in daily activities than people in a healthy visual control group. Method: We created a Likert scale questionnaire to measure visual stress, covering a wide range of everyday situations. The wish for blindness is extremely rare and worldwide only 5 people with an urge to be blind were found to participate in the study (4 female, 1 male). In addition, a control group of 35 (28 female, 7 male) visually healthy people was investigated. Questions addressing issues that may be experienced by participants with a desire to be blind were integrated into the questionnaire. Results: The hypothesis that people with a desire for blindness suffer from a significantly higher visual overload in activities of daily living than visually healthy subjects was confirmed; the significance of visual stress between these groups was p < 0.01. In addition, an interview with the 5 affected participants supported the causal role of visual overload. Conclusions: The desire for blindness seems to originate from visual overload caused by either ophthalmologic or organic brain disturbances. In addition, psychological reasons such as certain personal character traits may play an active role in developing, maintaining, and reinforcing one’s desire to be blind.

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Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

The Girl Who Wants to Get Rid of Her Left Leg—Body Identity Dysphoria

The Girl Who Wants to Get Rid of Her Left Leg—Body Identity Dysphoria

Kognitive und affektive Prozesse bei Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID): Eine Pilotstudie

An Overwhelming Desire to Be Blind: Similarities and Differences between Body Integrity Identity Disorder and the Wish for Blindness

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