Body mass index, adiposity rebound and early feeding in a longitudinal cohort (Raine Study)

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the influence of type and duration of infant feeding on adiposity rebound and the tracking of body mass index (BMI) from birth to 14 years of age. Methods: A sample of 1330 individuals over eight follows-ups was drawn from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Trajectories of BMI from birth to adolescence using linear mixed model analysis investigated the influence of age at which breastfeeding was stopped and the age at which other milk was introduced (binomial 4-month cutoff point). A subsample of linear mixed model-predicted BMI was used to determine BMI and age at nadir for early infant feeding groups.Results: Chi-square analysis between early feeding and weight status (normal weight, overweight and obese) groups found a significant difference between thee age at which breastfeeding was stopped (Po0.001) and the age at which other milk was introduced (P ¼ 0.011), with a higher proportion of overweight and obese in the p4-month group, even after controlling for maternal education. Using the linear mixed model, the BMI determined was higher over time for the group that was breastfed for p4 months (P ¼ 0.015), with a significant interaction effect with the group in which other milk was introduced at p4 months (P ¼ 0.011). Using predicted BMI from the linear mixed model, significant differences for nadirs of adiposity rebound between early feeding groups were found (Po0.005). Conclusions: Early infant feeding was important in the timing of, and BMI at, adiposity rebound. The relationship between infant feeding and BMI remained up to the age of 14 years. Although confounding factors cannot be excluded, these findings support the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for longer than 4 months as a protective behaviour against the development of adolescent obesity.

The role of infant feeding practices in the explanation for ethnic differences in infant growth: the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study

“…Comparable with the present study, Ong et al (34) found that dietary energy intake at 4 months was associated with larger body weight SDS among formula-or mixed-fed children, but not with breast-fed children. Another study concerning BMI and early feeding by Chivers et al (42) also stresses the importance of exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months. Comparable with the present study, Bulk-Bunschoten et al (28) found that mothers from Turkish and Moroccan origin breast-fed more and with a longer duration compared with Dutch mothers.…”

Lower body weight and BMI at birth were associated with early adiposity rebound in 21-hydroxylase deficiency patients

“…Previous reports including ours showed that the onset of adiposity rebound (AR), the point at which the BMI starts to increase after its nadir, occurred earlier in 21-OHD patients than in normal children [5,11]. Premature AR has been identified as one of the possible contributory factors in adult obesity and metabolic syndrome [9,7,[12][13][14][15][16]. We hypothesized that fetal and early infantile factors, including birth size and glucocorticoid therapy, could affect the timing of AR.…”

“…Premature AR has been identified as one of the possible contributory factors in adult obesity and metabolic syndrome [9,7,[12][13][14][15][16]. We hypothesized that fetal and early infantile factors, including birth size and glucocorticoid therapy, could affect the timing of AR.…”

Obesidad durante el embarazo y su influencia en el sobrepeso en la edad infantil

“…de 2010, en el que establecen que una lactancia materna inferior a 4 meses de duración predispone a mayor IMC a los 14 años. Todo esto confirma la importancia de la lactancia materna exclusiva durante más de 4 meses como un factor protector contra el desarrollo de la obesidad del niño y el adolescente (20). Lo que también se ve apoyado por el estudio de De Kroon y cols.…”