Body mass index and gestational weight gain in pregnant women with gestational diabetes and its relation with adverse maternal and fetal outcome

Abstract

Background: Raised body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are important determinants in development of gestational diabetes.Methods: A prospective, observational study carried out on antenatal women since their first trimester. These women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) criteria. All participants were followed up by measuring their BMI, weight gain, blood sugars in every trimester. Also, data was collected regarding any adverse outcomes.Results: Among all participants, 16.8% were diagnosed as GDM. 44% women of study group had weight gain beyond Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Higher risk of GDM was observed in women with raised BMI and excessive GWG. Also, odds of preeclampsia, preterm deliveries, caesarean section, macrosomia, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were higher in women with GDM.Conclusions: Compliance of recommended weight gain during pregnancy have a strong impact on the fetal outcome. Amount and timing of weight gain plays a crucial role in GDM.

Is there any materno- foetal risks in mothers with gestational weight gain (WHO & IOM) based on their pre-pregnancy body mass indices? Our experience in a tertiary care teaching institution in North Kerala

“…A statistically significant higher odds of 3.03 in development of GDM was computed with per unit increase in pre-pregnancy BMI in the present study as well as that in Najafi et al [2018] where 4% increased risk of GDM with per unit increase in BMI was noted. 11 A large multicentric prospective study in women during pregnancy made it clear that women who belonged to the obese category were 2.5 times and 1.6 times more likely to develop gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, respectively. 12 Rahman et al conducted a meta-analysis in which overweight and obese mothers were at higher odds of developing pre-eclampsia 13 as in the present research.…”

Coping with Stress in Complicated Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain

“…Stress and anxiety were reported when women with gestational diabetes talked about following dietary advice [ 13 ]. Compliance with recommended weight gain during pregnancy has a significant impact on the fetal outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes [ 14 ]. In women with GDM, excessive GWG has been shown to increase the incidence of cesarean section and infant macrosomia compared with women whose GWG is within the Institute of Medicine recommendations [ 15 ].…”