Body mass index and outcome in patients with COVID-19: A dose–response meta-analysis

Abstract

Highlights Obesity was associated with mortality and severity in patients with COVID-19. Dose–response meta-analysis demonstrate an increase of 5% risk for poor outcome for every 5 kg/mg 2 increase in body mass index. The relationship departed from linearity and became steeper from 30–35 kg/mg 2 onwards.

Clinical frailty scale and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

“…Analysis for heterogeneity was limited due to the fact that only two studies reported comorbidities that are associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. These comorbidities are obesity (OR 1.55), hypertension (OR 2.21), diabetes (Risk Ratio [RR] 2.38), cardiovascular diseases (RR 2.25), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 4.36) ( Huang et al., 2020 ; Pranata et al., 2020b , c ; Pranata, Lim, Huang, Raharjo & Lukito, 2020a ; Pranata, Huang, Lim, Wahjoepramono & July, 2020d ). Ideally, exploration of heterogeneity can be performed using meta-regression, however, it cannot be performed due to the lack of studies.…”

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) markedly increased mortality in patients with hip fracture – A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…22 Nevertheless, there are several factors that commonly coexists in patients with hip fracture, namely advanced age, obesity, and various comorbidities which are associated with increased severity and mortality of COVID-19. 8e11, 14,15,29,30 Because of reduced functional reserves and weakened immune function, these individuals are more adversely affected by SARS-COV-2 infection. The poor prognosis can be attributed to a combination of these factors rather than purely attributed to a single factor.…”

Hypocalcemia is associated with severe COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Clinical presentation in patients with coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) ranges from mild to critical, with multiple complications requiring ventilator support [ 1 , 2 ]. Patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of developing a more severe condition [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Simple and non-invasive assessments are helpful to identify patients at higher risk for severe outcome that requires more intensive monitoring and respiratory support.…”