Body mass index and risk of Parkinson, Alzheimer, Dementia, and Dementia mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies among 5 million participants

Rahmani, Jamal; Roudsari, Arezoo Haghighian; Bawadi, Hiba; Clark, Cain C. T.; Ryan, Paul M.; Salehi‐Sahlabadi, Ammar; Sakak, Fatemeh Rahimi; Goodarzi, Naser; Razaz, Jalaledin Mirzay

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2020.1758888

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…No association between BMI and PD risk has been found in many longitudinal studies [45][46][47][48] ; however, the lack of an association is inconclusive. 49 A large study, 50 which involved more than 300,000 participants, followed the participants for 3 years and found no socioeconomic correlation with PD. Low education level and PD risk-related studies did not show a relationship with PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PD-related variables included diabetes, 68-70 hypertension, 71 dementia, 72 stroke, 73,74 smoking, 22 alcohol use, 75,76 and BMI. 49 Potential confounders were extracted from the claims database and records of health examinations. Covariates were age (categorized as 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and > 80s), sex, BMI smoking status (never smoker, ex-smoker, or current smoker), alcohol consumption (none, rarely [1-2 times/week], frequently [≥ 3 times/week]), and laboratory factors such as systolic/diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular ltration rate, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L), and hepatitis B surface antigen.…”

Section: Selection and Identi Cation Of Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors for Parkinson’s Disease: a Nationwide Nested Case-control Study

Jung

hong

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Thus, from the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database, we identified patients newly diagnosed with PD from January 2010 to December 2019 (N = 31,326) and healthy controls matched (1:4 ratio) by age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and dementia (N = 125,304). Cumulative defined daily doses (cDDDs) of PPIs were extracted from treatment claims. A conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association. We excluded patients with PD diagnosed within a 1-year lag period after PPI exposure and applied 2- and 3-year lag periods for sensitivity analysis. PPI use was associated with an increased PD risk when all lag periods were applied. There was a significant positive dose-response relationship between the cDDDs of PPIs and PD development; moreover, PPI use increased the risk of PD in patients aged ≥ 50 years but not those aged < 50 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection and Identi Cation Of Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors for Parkinson’s Disease: a Nationwide Nested Case-control Study

Jung

hong

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…For eight of the risk factors, we compared the effect estimate from MR studies with the effect estimate from the largest available meta-analysis of observational studies (Figure 4) [28][29][30][31][32][33] . One risk factor, circulating glucose, did not have an eligible meta-analysis; therefore, the primary study with largest study cohort was included as the comparator 34 .…”

Section: Observational Study Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of vascular risk factors in dementia: Mendelian randomization meta-analysis and comparison with observational estimates

Lee

Martin

Whiteley

2022

Preprint

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Importance: Although observational studies demonstrate that higher levels of vascular risk factors are associated with an increased risk of dementia, these associations might be explained by confounding or other biases. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic instruments to test causal relationships in observational data. Objective: To determine if genetically predicted modifiable risk factors (type 2 diabetes mellitus, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and circulating glucose) are associated with dementia by meta-analysing published MR studies. Secondary objectives were to identify heterogeneity in effect estimates across primary MR studies and to compare meta-analysis results with observational studies. Data sources: MR studies identified by systematic search of Web of Science, OVID and Scopus. Study selection: Primary MR studies investigating the modifiable risk factors of interest. Only one study from each cohort per risk factor was included. A quality assessment tool was developed to primarily assess the three assumptions of MR for each MR study. Data extraction and synthesis: Data were extracted on study characteristics, exposure and outcome, effect estimates per unit increase, and measures of variation. Effect estimates were pooled to generate an overall estimate, I2 and Cochrane Q values using fixed-effect model. Main outcomes and measures: Odds ratio (OR) of developing dementia per standardized unit increase in the risk factor of interest. Results: We screened 5211 studies and included 12 primary MR studies after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Higher genetically predicted body mass index was associated with a higher odds of dementia (OR 1.03 [1.01, 1.05] per 5 kg/m2 increase, one study, p = 0.00285). Overall estimates from MR studies showed a smaller number of associations than those from meta-analyses of observational studies. Conclusion and relevance: Genetically predicted body mass index was associated with an increase in risk of dementia.

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“…However, previous longitudinal studies comparing the risk of AD between low and non-low BMI in late-life showed inconclusive results, which were primarily attributed to the differences in the criteria for low BMI between studies and the small number of participants included in the studies 6 , 8 , 13 . Although obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) have been reported to show a significantly lower AD risk than those with lower BMI, these studies did not include an adequate number of participants to provide sufficient evidence to prove the generalization that obesity reduces the risk of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of late-life body mass index with the risk of Alzheimer disease: a 10-year nationwide population-based cohort study

Cho

Jang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Existing data for the association between late-life body mass index (BMI) and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the underweight population are limited with conflicting results. A large population-based cohort study of 148,534 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the national health screening program from 2002 to 2005 was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database 2006–2015. The risk of AD according to BMI category (kg/m2) in Asians was evaluated using a multivariable Cox regression model, after adjustments for age, sex, lifestyle, low-income status, and comorbidities. To evaluate the association between BMI and AD risk, the underweight population was further subdivided according to the degree of thinness. During the 10-year follow-up period, 22,279 individuals developed AD. Relative to the normal-weight population, the estimated adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident AD in the underweight, overweight, and obese populations was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.24), 0.90 (0.87–0.93), and 0.83 (0.80–0.85), respectively. In the underweight population, AD risk increased as the degree of thinness increased (p for the trend, < .001). Late-life BMI showed a significant inverse relationship with AD risk, especially in the underweight population. Public health strategies to screen for AD more actively in the underweight population and improve their weight status may help reduce the burden of AD.

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Body mass index and risk of Parkinson, Alzheimer, Dementia, and Dementia mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies among 5 million participants

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Potential Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors for Parkinson’s Disease: a Nationwide Nested Case-control Study

Potential Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors for Parkinson’s Disease: a Nationwide Nested Case-control Study

Assessing the role of vascular risk factors in dementia: Mendelian randomization meta-analysis and comparison with observational estimates

Association of late-life body mass index with the risk of Alzheimer disease: a 10-year nationwide population-based cohort study

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