Body mass index and smoking-related lung cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Koh, Woon Puay; Yuan, Jian‐Min; Wang, R.; Lee, H. P.; Yu, Mimi C.

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605496

Cited by 60 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This dose-dependent, inverse association was previously reported in case-control [21] and cohort studies [18,22,23,[26][27][28]32]; similarly, the association between weight loss during adulthood and lung cancer risk has been previously reported, albeit less frequently [21][22][23]. We categorized BMI according to the WHO classification, consistent with the studies of Andreotti et al [18] and Kollarova et al [29], whereas most previous studies [21-28, 31, 32, 34] employed percentiles of the study population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…To solve this problem, cohort studies have excluded cases diagnosed in the first years following enrollment [18,23,27,28,32,33] or used past usual weight [20,22]. These studies still found an increased risk of lung cancer for underweight individuals [18,20,23,27,28,32,33], with the exception of one study [22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colorectal and post-menopausal breast cancers [13], whereas underweight is associated with pre-menopausal breast [14] and oral and pharyngeal cancers [15][16][17]. Since the 1990s, case-control and cohort studies have suggested that underweight people are at an increased risk of lung cancer [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], especially those who are current smokers [18, 22-25, 28, 31, 32], whereas no association is usually found among nonsmokers [18, 20, 22-25, 28, 34].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Body mass index and lung cancer risk: results from the ICARE study, a large, population-based case–control study

Tarnaud

Guida

Papadopoulos

et al. 2012

Cancer Causes Control

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass index and lung cancer risk: results from the ICARE study, a large, population-based case–control study

Tarnaud

Guida

Papadopoulos

et al. 2012

Cancer Causes Control

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“…[2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]30 Moreover, the inverse association did not significantly vary by smoking strata. Null associations were mostly reported among never and former smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index, lifetime smoking intensity and lung cancer risk

El‐Zein

Parent

Nicolau

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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There is as yet no generally accepted explanation for the common finding that low body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. We investigated this association in a Canadian population-based case-control study (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) with a particular view to assessing the hypothesis that the observed association was due to residual confounding by smoking. Analyses were based on 1,076 cases and 1,439 controls who provided their height at enrollment and their weight at two points in time, at age 20 and 2 years before enrollment. BMI, in kg/m 2 , was classified into underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (30). Smoking history was synthesized into a comprehensive smoking index (CSI) that integrated duration, intensity and time since quitting. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BMI-lung cancer associations were estimated, adjusting for CSI as well as several sociodemographic, lifestyle and occupational factors. The normal BMI category was used as the reference. Among those who were underweight at age 20, there was a lower risk of lung cancer (OR 5 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.95). Conversely, lung cancer risk was increased among those who were underweight 2 years before enrollment (OR 5 2.30, 95% CI: 1.30-4.10). The results were almost identical when stratifying analyses based on smoking history into never/lighter and heavier smokers. The inverse association between recent BMI and lung cancer is unlikely to be largely attributable to residual confounding by smoking. Reverse causality or a true relationship between BMI and lung cancer remain plausible.Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including esophageal, pancreatic, colorectal, endometrial, postmenopausal breast, and prostate cancers.1 By contrast, BMI appears to be inversely related to lung cancer risk.2-16 However, the robustness and meaning of this ostensible inverse association has been challenged in some studies by the finding that such an inverse association was not present among nonsmokers. 4,9,10,12 Smoking is both a powerful risk factor for lung cancer, 17 and is also inversely associated with body weight. 18,19 Several explanations have been hypothesized regarding the observed inverse BMI-lung cancer association. First, a methodological argument, according to which residual confounding by smoking accounted for observing an inverse, or disguising a true positive, BMI-lung cancer relation. Second, reverse causality due to pre-clinical effects of lung cancer, especially for studies in which weight was documented shortly before cancer diagnosis. Third, an etiologic explanation, namely through carcinogenic DNA adducts 6 or effects of estrogens. 16 In any case, the interplay between BMI, smoking, and lung cancer remains uncertain.In the context of a large population-based case-control study on the environmental etiology of lung cancer, data on sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors were c...

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“…Araştırmamızda olgu ve kontrol grubu arasında günde içilen sigara sayısı ve sigara paket/yıl bakımından fark saptanmamıştır. Ancak günde içilen sigara sayısı, sigara içme ve bırakma yılı ile akciğer kanseri riski arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunan çalışmalar vardır 12,41,42,44 .…”

Section: Bulgularunclassified

Meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserlerinde çevresel risk faktörleri ve risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: olgu-kontrol çalışması

Açıkgöz

Çımrın

Ergör

2018

Cukurova Medical Journal

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Prostate cancer cases were compared with 211 male controls. Colorectal and lung cancer cases were compared with 427 female and male controls. Results: Breast cancer risk was 2.36 times higher in those under the age of sixty. Breast cancer was found to be lower in overweight or obese groups. Lung cancer was 2,04 times higher in males, 4,10 times higher in current smokers and 2,19 times higher in ex-smokers. Conclusion: Relationship between breast cancer and age and body mass index; colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease; male, smoking and lung cancer was found. The inability to detect significant difference in the cancer risk levels of case and control groups may be due to the small number of cases, or the risk calculation programs not being appropriate for the Turkish population.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserini etkileyen çevresel risk faktörlerini belirlemek ve risk düzeyi belirleme programları kullanılarak tanı konmadan önceki risk düzeylerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma İzmir'in Balçova ilçesinde yapılan olgu-kontrol araştırmasıdır. 2008-2013 yılları arasında akciğer, meme, kolorektal ve prostat kanseri tanısı alanlar araştırmanın olgu grubunu oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları anketle belirlenmiştir. Olgu ve kontrol gruplarının kanser risk düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Olgu grubunda 57 meme, 52 prostat, 22 kolorektal ve 42 akciğer kanseri olgusu bulunmaktadır. Meme kanseri olguları 216 kadın, prostat kanseri olguları 211 erkek, kolorektal ve akciğer kanseri olguları ise 427 kadın ve erkek kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Altmış yaşın altında olanlarda meme kanseri 2.36 kat fazladır. Fazla kilolu ya da şişman gruplarında meme kanseri daha az görülmüştür. Akciğer kanseri erkeklerde 2.04 kat, sigara içenlerde 4.10 kat, sigarayı bırakanlarda 2.19 kat fazladır. Sonuç: Yaş ve beden kütle indeksiyle meme kanseri; inflamatuar bağırsak hastalığıyla kolorektal kanserler; erkek cinsiyeti ve sigara içmeyle akciğer kanseri arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Olgu ve kontrol grupları arasında hesaplanan kanser risk düzeyleri bakımından anlamlı fark saptanamaması olgu sayılarının az olmasından ya da kullanılan risk hesaplama programlarının Türk toplumuna uygun olmamasından kaynaklanabilir.

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Body mass index and smoking-related lung cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Body mass index and lung cancer risk: results from the ICARE study, a large, population-based case–control study

Body mass index and lung cancer risk: results from the ICARE study, a large, population-based case–control study

Body mass index, lifetime smoking intensity and lung cancer risk

Meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserlerinde çevresel risk faktörleri ve risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: olgu-kontrol çalışması

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