A B S T R A C TSeveral studies have described the atypical eating behaviors frequently occurring in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and food selectivity is the most frequent of these problems. The everyday management of mealtime behaviors among children with ASD can have a negative impact on family routines and become a significant stressor for families. However, much remains unknown about why food selectivity is so prevalent among individuals with ASD. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical and behavioral features in individuals with ASD with the aim of identifying distinctive clinical profiles in children with and without food selectivity. A total of 158 children with ASD were enrolled in this study: 79 participants with food selectivity (FS) were age and sex matched with 79 participants without food selectivity (No FS). All participants and their parents completed a battery of psychological tests for a comprehensive evaluation of ASD symptoms, cognitive abilities, adaptive skills, behavioral problems and parental stress level. No statistically significant difference on gastrointestinal symptoms and growth adequacy was found between the FS group and the No FS group. Overall, the FS group showed significantly higher rates of ASD symptoms as compared to the No FS group in the questionnaires completed by parents. Furthermore, parents of the FS group reported significantly higher levels of parental stress and a larger degree of their children's behavioral problems as compared to the No FS group. Finally, there were no differences between the FS and the No FS group on any adaptive skill domain. Our findings suggest that the identification of distinctive clinical and behavioral patterns in children with ASD and food selectivity is a crucial issue for parents and therapists in the daily management.© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
IntroductionAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in two core domains: social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders5th edition (DSM-5) criteria, people with ASD fall on a continuum with individuals characterized by the severity of their symptoms in the two core domains. Furthermore, intellectual disability and/ or language impairment contribute to the heterogeneous presentation of ASD.Behavioral problems, such as tantrums, comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, abnormal sleep patterns and unusual feeding behaviors, are often present in children with ASD and the everyday management of these problems is a challenge for clinicians and families (Dominick, Davis, Lainhart, Tager-Flusberg, & Folstein, 2007). Although not a diagnostic feature of ASD, feeding problems are common in this clinical population, and food selectivity is the most frequent one (Ahearn, Castine, Nault, & Green, 2001;Cornish, 1998;Dominick et al., 2007;Heiss, Moody, Cros...