Body Mass Index in Saudi Arabian Children and Adolescents: A National Reference and Comparison with International Standards

Obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescent survivors of standard risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Saudi Arabia

“…In the present study, we used the most modern, recommended definitions of body weight status based on BMI for age. Saudi BMI reference data are available [16] in the form of centile charts for boys and girls and so these were used in the present study. Various international BMI for age reference data are also available, the most widely used probably those provided by WHO [17] and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [18], so both of these were also used in the present study.…”

Does visceral adiposity index signify early metabolic risk in children and adolescents?: Association with insulin resistance, adipokines, and subclinical inflammation

“…Additionally, waist and hip circumferences were measured using a standardized measuring tape in cm, and the waist-hip ratio was estimated. Furthermore, BMI was estimated for each subject (weight/height 2 ) as kg/m 2 and the Cole's criteria were used for the definition of overweight or obesity status (9); furthermore, child-appropriate indexes for BMI have been used (19). Blood pressure was measured using an appropriate mercury sphygmomanometer.…”

“…In this context, visceral adiposity index (VAI)-a novel index derived from anthropometric (BMI and WC) and lipid parameters-has been shown to be associated with visceral adipose tissue and, moreover, with adipokine levels, mainly adiponectin, insulin resistance, and glucose disturbances in adults (12)(13)(14)(15). In addition, this index seems to have predictive value in terms of an increased risk for cardiovascular events (13) and has served as a marker of insulin resistance in several different nosologic entities (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Furthermore, our group recently reported, for the first time, the strong relationship of VAI with adipose tissue secretion and with functional glycemic disorders (22).…”

Waist Circumference, Waist-to- Height Ratio and Body Mass Index of Thai Children: Secular Changes and Updated Reference Standards

“…World Health Organization (WHO) released the reference standards of BMI for age and recommended their use for assessment of children everywhere regardless of ethnicity, socio-economic status and type of feeding [3,4]. However, there is evidence that the WHO BMI for age reference may not suitable for all ethnicities [5] and several countries have generated their own BMI references for children [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Secular changes in BMI have also been reported in children [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”