Body mass index mediates inflammatory response to acute dietary challenges

Abstract

Our results indicate that BMI is strongly linked to the transcriptomic and metabolic response to acute challenges. The emerging biological processes are mainly inflammation-related pathways, highlighting an interconnection between obesity, inflammation/adhesion, and response to nutritional challenge. The comparison between lipid and glucose challenges shows how these trigger a substantially different molecular response.

Weighted Gene Co‐Expression Network Analysis Identifies Gender Specific Modules and Hub Genes Related to Metabolism and Inflammation in Response to an Acute Lipid Challenge

“…Furthermore, fatty acids are known to be inflammatory modulators and immune responses can be activated by saturated fatty acids . The MECHE cohort study group previously highlighted inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and altered genes expression in an age and BMI‐dependent manner . However to date there was little appreciation of the gender dependency in terms of metabolic responses to metabolic challenges, which is potentially important since gender greatly influence dietary intake and nutrient responses .…”

“…The postprandial response to an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) is a better metabolic challenge to emulate nutrient overload, in comparison to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) . To study the impact of nutritional challenge on metabolism and inflammation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptome profiling has proved meaningful . Previously our group identified differential transcriptomic responses in inflammation‐related pathways following acute glucose or lipid challenges in the PBMC transcriptome of healthy adults.…”

“…Previously our group identified differential transcriptomic responses in inflammation‐related pathways following acute glucose or lipid challenges in the PBMC transcriptome of healthy adults. An OLTT modulated inflammatory transcriptomic biomarkers in an age and BMI‐dependent fashion, much more than an OGTT, which is often the standard metabolic challenge, to assess T2D risk . To date, the impact of gender as a potential determinant in the transcriptomic response to a metabolic challenge is unknown, despite the fact that men and women differ greatly with respect to dietary intakes and metabolic responses (relating to lipid and/or glucose metabolism) …”

Integrated Analys of High‐Fat Challenge‐Induced Changes in Blood Cell Whole‐Genome Gene Expression

“…The studies by Bouwens et al., Matone et al., and Esser et al. were previously published and data is publicly available (GSE13466, GSE56609, and GSE53232 at Gene Expression Omnibus (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo)). These studies used single‐channel Affymetrix microarrays to perform gene expression measurements, whereas the fourth study (Fat_challenge_tests) used llumina HumanHt12‐v4 Expression Beadchips.…”

“…found that a high‐SFA challenge induced expression of liver X receptor signaling genes, whereas a high‐PUFA challenge caused a downregulation of these genes. Matone et al . studied the effects of a high‐MUFA challenge and observed increased expression of inflammatory genes in several pathways, including Toll‐like receptors, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and nuclear factor κB‐related genes.…”